Portal:Azerbaijan

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The Azerbaijan Portal

A view of Baku, Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and West Asia. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia's republic of Dagestan to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia and Turkey to the west, and Iran to the south. Baku is the capital and largest city.

The territory of what is now Azerbaijan was first ruled by Caucasian Albania and later various Persian empires. Until the 19th century, it remained part of Qajar Iran, but the Russo-Persian wars of 1804–1813 and 1826–1828 forced the Qajar Empire to cede its Caucasian territories to the Russian Empire; the treaties of Gulistan in 1813 and Turkmenchay in 1828 defined the border between Russia and Iran. The region north of the Aras was part of Iran until it was conquered by Russia in the 19th century, where it was administered as part of the Caucasus Viceroyalty.

Azerbaijan is a unitary semi-presidential republic. It is one of six independent Turkic states and an active member of the Organization of Turkic States and the TÜRKSOY community. Azerbaijan has diplomatic relations with 182 countries and holds membership in 38 international organizations, including the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the Non-Aligned Movement, the OSCE, and the NATO PfP program. It is one of the founding members of GUAM, the CIS, and the OPCW. Azerbaijan is also an observer state of the WTO. (Full article...)

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Clockwise from top: Remnants of Azerbaijani APCs; internally displaced Azerbaijanis from the Armenian-occupied territories; Armenian T-72 tank memorial at the outskirts of Stepanakert; Armenian soldiers

The First Nagorno-Karabakh War was an ethnic and territorial conflict that took place from February 1988 to May 1994, in the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh in southwestern Azerbaijan, between the majority ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh backed by Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan with support from Turkey. As the war progressed, Armenia and Azerbaijan, both former Soviet republics, entangled themselves in protracted, undeclared mountain warfare in the mountainous heights of Karabakh as Azerbaijan attempted to curb the secessionist movement in Nagorno-Karabakh.

The enclave's parliament had voted in favor of uniting with Armenia and a referendum, boycotted by the Azerbaijani population of Nagorno-Karabakh, was held, in which a 99.89% voted in favor of independence with an 82.2% turnout. The demand to unify with Armenia began in a relatively peaceful manner in 1988; in the following months, as the Soviet Union disintegrated, it gradually grew into an increasingly violent conflict between Armenians and Azerbaijanis, resulting in ethnic cleansing, including the Sumgait (1988) and Baku (1990) pogroms directed against Armenians, and the Gugark pogrom (1988) and Khojaly Massacre (1992) directed against Azerbaijanis.

Inter-ethnic clashes between the two broke out shortly after the parliament of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) in Azerbaijan voted to unite the region with Armenia on 20 February 1988. The declaration of secession from Azerbaijan was the culmination of a territorial conflict. As Azerbaijan declared its independence from the Soviet Union and removed the powers held by the enclave's government, the Armenian majority voted to secede from Azerbaijan and in the process proclaimed the unrecognized Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh. (Full article...)

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Did you know (auto-generated)

... that in 2017 the British travel magazine Wanderlust rated Azerbaijan's electronic visa as the easiest visa to obtain in the world?
... that Azerbaijan has been a member of the Council of Europe, an organization promoting human rights, for more than twenty years, despite holding political prisoners and rigging elections?
... that the adoption of the Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan made the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic the first successful republic in the Muslim world?
... that the Nakhichevan uezd was home to more than 54,000 Armenians until they perished through the events of 1918–1920 as a result of the Russian Revolution?
... that a 14th-century work, originally attributed to another poet, was discovered in 2018 to be the creation of the Azerbaijani poet Yusuf Meddah?
... that the 14th- and 15th-century Azerbaijani poet Imadaddin Nasimi was possibly flayed alive after he was accused of being a kafir by Sunni scholars?

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More Did you know

...that Huseyn Khan Nakhichevanski (pictured) was the only Muslim to be appointed General-Adjutant of the Emperor of Russia?

...that Javad Malik-Yeganov was exiled to Karelia following the collapse of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic on suspicion of being a member of Musavat?

...that the crude oil found in Naftalan, Azerbaijan has been used for centuries in therapeutic baths?

More did you know facts

General images

The following are images from various Azerbaijan-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Transcaucasia in the early 19th century (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 2Oil derricks in Balaxanı around 1890 (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 3The Caucasus after the Treaty of Gulistan, in which Persia ceded most of its northern khanates to Russia after the first Russo-Persian war (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 4Salt bag circa 1880, Karabakh (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 5Side view of the Church of Kish (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 6Topographic map of Azerbaijan (from Geography of Azerbaijan)
Image 7Mammad Amin Rasulzade, a founder and spokesperson of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in 1918, was widely regarded as Azerbaijan's national leader. (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 8Azerbaijan map of Köppen climate classification zones (from Geography of Azerbaijan)
Image 9Gobustan rock art (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 10Early caliphates:
  Muhammad, 622–632

  Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661

  Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750
(from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 11Heydar Aliyev during a 1997 Pentagon visit (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 12Sasanid silver plate from Shamakhi District (Azerbaijan State Museum of History) (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 13Late-19th-century rug market in Ganja (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 14Momine Khatun Mausoleum in Nakhchivan (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 15Shah Abbas I at a banquet (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 16Petroglyphs in Gobustan National Park date back to 10000 BC. (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 171748 maps of Shirvan, the Caucasus and Persia (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 1819th-century Gasimushaghi carpet from Şəlvə, Lachin (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 19Roman inscription in Qobustan (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 2015th-century Shirvanshah mausoleum in Baku (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 21Baku's first film studio during the early 1920s (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 22Carpet based on Nizami Ganjavi's 12th-century Layla and Majnun (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 23The Achaemenid empire at its greatest extent (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 24Ilham Aliyev in Munich in 2010 (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 25Ismail I's empire (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 26Qajar-style painting of mullahs with the shah (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 27Arabic inscriptions on the surviving Gate of Ganja (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 281996 Azerbaijani postage stamp commemorating Novruz (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 29Cut pomegranate (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 30The Maiden Tower, in Baku's Old City (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 31Goytepe site (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 32Ateshgah of Baku, a Hindu and Zoroastrian temple (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 33Soviet postage stamp commemorating Azerbaijani musical instruments (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 34Azerbaijani deputies to the 1907 Second Russian State Duma. Seated left is Fatali Khan Khoyski; seated right is Khalil Khasmammadov. (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 35"Hounds and Jackals" game (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 36Iran around 1900 (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 37Battle-scene miniature in the Palace of Shaki Khans (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 38Pottery from Kul-Tepe I (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 39Shah Abbas I of Safavid at a banquet. Detail from a ceiling fresco, Chehel Sotoun palace, Isfahan. (from History of Azerbaijan)

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