User:Vmhanus/Eating Disorders

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Updates to be made to Eating disorders

Comments:

  • You have referred to DSM-IV and DSM-V inconsistently
  • The reference is from 2005 about proposals for DSM-V, which I think is coming out this year if it has not already. You might try looking at how the DSM-V resolved this.
  • I don't think Category:Cognitive Tests or Category:Neuropsychological Tests is appropriate category for this article.

ShaneTMueller (talk) 02:20, 18 February 2013 (UTC)

Vmhanus/Eating Disorders

Eating disorders are conditions defined by abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake to the detriment of an individual's physical and mental health. Bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa are the most common specific forms in the United Kingdom.[1] Other types of eating disorders include binge eating disorder and eating disorder not otherwise specified. Bulimia nervosa is a disorder characterized by binge eating and purging. Purging can include self-induce vomiting, over-exercising, and the usage of diuretics, enemas, and laxatives. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by extreme food restriction to the point of self-starvation and excessive weight loss [2]. Though primarily thought of as affecting females (an estimated 5–10 million being affected in the U.K.), eating disorders affect males as well. An estimated 10 – 15% of people with eating disorders are males (Gorgan, 1999). (an estimated 1 million U.K. males being affected).[3][4][5] Although eating disorders are increasing all over the world among both men and women, there is evidence to suggest that it is women in the Western world who are at the highest risk of developing them and the degree of westernization increases the risk.[6] Nearly half of all Americans personally know someone with an eating disorder. The skill to comprehend the central processes of appetite has increased tremendously since leptin was discovered, and the skill to observe the functions of the brain as well.[7] Interactions between motivational, homeostatic and self-regulatory control processes are involved in eating behaviour, which is a key component in eating disorders.[8]

The precise cause of eating disorders is not entirely understood, but there is evidence that it may be linked to other medical conditions and situations. Cultural idealization of thinness and youthfulness have contributed to eating disorders affecting diverse populations. One study showed that girls with ADHD have a greater chance of getting an eating disorder than those not affected by ADHD.[9][10] Another study suggested that women with PTSD, especially due to sexually related trauma, are more likely to develop anorexia nervosa.[11] One study showed that foster girls are more likely to develop bulimia nervosa.[12] Some think that peer pressure and idealized body-types seen in the media are also a significant factor. Some research show that for certain people there are genetic reasons why they may be prone to developing an eating disorder.[13] Recent studies have found evidence a correlation between patients with bulimia nervosa and substance use disorders. In addition, anxiety disorders and personality disorders are common occurrences with clients of eating disorders. [14]

While proper treatment can be highly effective for many suffering from specific types of eating disorders, the consequences of eating disorders can be severe, including death[15][15][16] (whether from direct medical effects of disturbed eating habits or from comorbid conditions such as suicidal thinking).[1][17]

New Proposals in the DSM-V[edit]

The most obvious concern in the DSM-IV is the criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), and how most patients in a clinical setting do not meet the full criteria for either one of the two main types of eating disorders. Instead, these clients are classified under eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). [18] In order to resolve this issue, the DSM-V is making the proposed changes: (1) eliminating amenorrhea (loss of menstrual cycle) has one of the criterion for AN; (2) reducing the frequency of binge-eating episodes and purging episodes to only once per week over a three month span; (3) adding binge eating disorder (BED) as a specific eating disorder in the DSM-V. [19]

References[edit]

<References>

Category:Behaviorism Category:DSM-IV Category:DSM-V Category:Addiction Category:Comorbidity Category:Mental Health Category:Mental Illness

  1. ^ a b Hudson, JI; Hiripi, E; Pope Jr, HG; Kessler, RC (2007). "The Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication". Biological Psychiatry. 61 (3): 348–58. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.040. PMC 1892232. PMID 16815322.
  2. ^ "Anorexia Nervosa" Nationaleatingdisorders.org. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  3. ^ Lucas, AR; Beard, CM; O'Fallon, WM; Kurland, LT (1991). "50-year trends in the incidence of anorexia nervosa in Rochester, Minn.: a population-based study". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 148 (7): 917–22. PMID 2053633.
  4. ^ Carlat, DJ; Camargo Jr, CA (1991). "Review of bulimia nervosa in males". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 148 (7): 831–43. PMID 2053621.
  5. ^ Patrick, L (2002). "Eating disorders: a review of the literature with emphasis on medical complications and clinical nutrition". Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic. 7 (3): 184–202. PMID 12126461.
  6. ^ Cummins, L.H. & Lehman, J. 2007. 40% of eating disorder cases are diagnosed in females ages 15-19 years old (Hoe van Hoeken, 2003). Eating Disorders and Body Image Concerns in Asian American Women: Assessment and Treatment from a Multi-Cultural and Feminist Perspective. Eating Disorders. 15. pp217-230.
  7. ^ Treasure, Janet; Cardi, Valentina; Kan. "Eating in eating disorders". {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |first 3= ignored (|first3= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ Treasure, Janet (2012). "Eating in Eating Disorders" (PDF). King's College London. Retrieved 10 December 2012. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Biederman, J; Ball, SW; Monuteaux, MC; Surman, CB; Johnson, JL; Zeitlin, S (2007). "Are girls with ADHD at risk for eating disorders? Results from a controlled, five-year prospective study". Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP. 28 (4): 302–7. doi:10.1097/DBP.0b013e3180327917. PMID 17700082.
  10. ^ Girls With ADHD Are at Increased Risk for Eating Disorders and Depression Medline Article
  11. ^ Reyes-Rodriguez, Mae Lynn; Von Holle, A.; Ulman, T. F.; Thornton, L. M.; Klump, K. L.; Brandt, H.; Crawford, S.; Fichter, M. M.; Halmi, K. A. (2011). "Posttraumatic stress disorder in anorexia nervosa". Psychosomatic Medicine. 73 (6): 491–7. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e31822232bb. PMC 3132652. PMID 21715295.
  12. ^ "Northwest Foster Care Alumni Study". Casey.org. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
  13. ^ Steve Bloomfield (17 June 2006). Eating Disorders: Helping Your Child Recover. beat. pp. 4–. ISBN 978-0-9551772-1-7. Retrieved 18 December 2010.
  14. ^ Lilenfeld, L.R. et al., "Bulimia Nervosa: Psychiatric Disorders in First-Degree Relatives and Effects of Proband Comorbidity", Arch Gen Psychiatry, Retrieved 2013-02-14.
  15. ^ a b Sullivan, PF (1995). "Mortality in anorexia nervosa". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 152 (7): 1073–4. PMID 7793446.
  16. ^ Keel, PK; Dorer, DJ; Eddy, KT; Franko, D; Charatan, DL; Herzog, DB (2003). "Predictors of mortality in eating disorders". Archives of General Psychiatry. 60 (2): 179–83. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.179. PMID 12578435.
  17. ^ Crow, SJ; Peterson, CB; Swanson, SA; Raymond, NC; Specker, S; Eckert, ED; Mitchell, JE (2009). "Increased mortality in bulimia nervosa and other eating disorders". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 166 (12): 1342–6. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09020247. PMID 19833789.
  18. ^ Mitchell, J.E., Cook-Myers, T., & Wonderlich, S.A, (2005), "Diagnostic Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa: Looking Ahead to DSM-V", International Journal of Eating Disorders, Retrieved 2013-02-14.
  19. ^ Machado, P.P.P., Goncalves, S., Hoek, H.W. (2013), "DSM-5 reduces the proportion of ednos cases: Evidence from community samples", International Journal of Eating Disorders, Retrieved 2013-02-21.
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