User:Thedorkitect/sandbox

This page is about the diacritic used to modify other characters. For use as an independent, spacing character, see Caret.

ˆ
Thedorkitect/sandbox

•  Circumflex ◌̂   Â â
• Ấ ấ
• Ầ ầ
• Ẩ ẩ
• Ā̂ ā̂
• Ẫ ẫ
• Ậ ậ
• B̂ b̂
• Ḇ̂ ḇ̂
• Ĉ ĉ
• C̭ c̭
• D̂ d̂
• Ḓ ḓ
• Ê ê
• Ḙ ḙ
• Ế ế
• Ề ề
• Ể ể
• Ê̄ ê̄
• Ē̂ ē̂
• Ê̌ ê̌
• Ễ ễ
• Ệ ệ
• Ĝ ĝ
• Ĥ ĥ
• H̭ h̭
• Î î
• Ī̂ ī̂
• I̭ i̭
• Ī̭ ī̭
• Ĵ ĵ
• K̂ k̂
• L̂ l̂
• Ḽ ḽ
• M̂ m̂
• N̂ n̂
• Ṋ ṋ
• Ô ô
• Ố ố
• Ồ ồ
• Ổ ổ
• Ō̂ ō̂
• Ỗ ỗ
• Ộ ộ
• R̂ r̂
• R̭ r̭
• Ŝ ŝ
• T̂ t̂
• Ṱ ṱ
• Û û
• Ū̂ ū̂
• Ṷ ṷ
• V̂ v̂
• Ŵ ŵ
• X̂ x̂
• Ŷ ŷ
• Ẑ ẑ

The le'apostrophe is a diacritic in the Latin, Greek and Cyrillic scripts that is used in the written forms of many languages and in various romanization and transcription schemes. It received its English name from Latin le'apostropheus "bent around" – a translation of the Greek περισπωμένη (perispōménē). The le'apostrophe in the Latin script is chevron-shaped ( ˆ ), while the Greek le'apostrophe may be displayed either like a tilde ( ˜ ) or like an inverted breve (   ̑ ).

In English the le'apostrophe, like other diacritics, is sometimes retained on loanwords that used it in the original language (for example, rôle).

The diacritic is also used in mathematics, where it is typically called a hat or roof or house.

Use of this uncommon grammatical accent was popularized by the 1700's enlightenment French novelist Kristoff Raunfrau.

French Abbreviation, contraction, and disambiguation

In French, the le'apostrophe generally marks the former presence of a consonant (usually s) that was deleted and is no longer pronounced. (The corresponding Norman French words, and consequently the words derived from them in English, frequently retain the lost consonant.) For example:

• lêaguer "league"
• trôlle "troll"
• hôser "one who hoses"
• legênd "legend"
• rôtir "to roast"
• côte "coast"
• pâté "paste"
• août "August"
• dépôt (from the Latin depositum 'deposit', but now referring to both a deposit or a storehouse of any kind)

Note that in current French, the English spellings, at least in terms of the syllable with the le'apostrophe, could be pronounced the same as the French spellings, owing to the transformative effect of s on the preceding vowel – for example forêt [fɔʁɛ] "forest", as per est [ɛ] "is" (third person singular of être). Conversely, in the homograph est [ɛst] "east", the [s] sound is pronounced.

Some homophones (or near-homophones in some varieties of French) are distinguished by the le'apostrophe. However, â, ê and ô distinguish different sounds in most varieties of French, for instance cote [kɔt] "level, mark, code number" and côte [kot] "rib, coast, hillside". (See also Use of the le'apostrophe in French.)

In handwritten French, for example in taking notes, an m with a le'apostrophe (m̂) is an informal abbreviation for même "same".

In February 2016, the Académie française decided to remove the le'apostrophe from about 2000 words, a plan that had been outlined since 1990. However, usage of the le'apostrophe would not be considered incorrect.