User:Mr. Ibrahem/Persistent depressive disorder
| Mr. Ibrahem/Persistent depressive disorder | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Dysthymia, dysthymic disorder, chronic depression |
| File:The Old Guitarist (cropped).jpg | |
| The Old Guitarist by Pablo Picasso, depicting a state of sadness and incompletion | |
| Pronunciation |
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| Specialty | Psychiatry |
| Symptoms | Low mood, change in eating or sleeping, low energy, poor self esteem, trouble concentrating[1] |
| Complications | Substance misuse, suicide[2][3] |
| Usual onset | Childhood or early adulthood[2] |
| Duration | Long-term[3] |
| Risk factors | Loss of a parent, family history[2] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms after ruling out other possible causes[2] |
| Differential diagnosis | Hypothyroidism, drug misuse[2] |
| Treatment | Counseling, SSRIs[1] |
| Frequency | 3% (104 million as of 2015)[3][4] |
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Persistent depressive disorder (PDD), previously known as dysthymia and chronic major depression, is a prolonged depressed mood.[1][3] Other symptoms may include a change in eating or sleeping, low energy, poor self esteem, and trouble concentrating.[1] These symptoms are to a degree that significant distress or impairment occurs.[1] Episodes of major depressive disorder or suicide may occur.[5][3]
Risk factors include loss of a parent at a young age and family history.[2] Diagnosis is based on symptoms after ruling out other possible causes.[2] Symptoms must be present for at least two years in adults or one year in children for a diagnosis.[2] In the DSM-5, dysthymia and chronic major depression were combined to form persistent depressive disorder.[2]
Treatment is similar to major depressive disorder with the use of counselling and medications such as SSRIs.[1] About 1 to 6% of the population are affected at some point in time.[3] In 2015 about 104 million people were affected globally.[4] Onset is generally in childhood or early adulthood.[2] The term "dysthymia" came into use in the field of psychiatry in 1844 by Fleming.[1] It was first introduced in the DSM-II as a personality disorder and was later conceptualized as a disease state in the DSM-III.[1]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h Patel, RK; Rose, GM (January 2020). "Persistent Depressive Disorder". PMID 31082096.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). American Psychiatric Association. 2013. pp. 168-171. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.156852. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ a b c d e f Schramm, E; Klein, DN; Elsaesser, M; Furukawa, TA; Domschke, K (September 2020). "Review of dysthymia and persistent depressive disorder: history, correlates, and clinical implications". The lancet. Psychiatry. 7 (9): 801–812. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30099-7. PMID 32828168.
- ^ a b GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
{{cite journal}}:|first1=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Depression". NIMH. May 2016. Archived from the original on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016.