User:Mr. Ibrahem/Nalbuphine
Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Nubain, Nalpain, Nalbuphin, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682668 |
Pregnancy category |
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Routes of administration | Intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous |
Drug class | Opioid[1] |
Legal status | |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | • Oral: 11% (young adults), >44% (elderly)[2] • IM : 81% (10 mg), 83% (20 mg) • SC : 76% (20 mg), 79% (10 mg)[3] |
Protein binding | 50%[2] |
Metabolism | Liver (glucuronidation)[5][2] |
Metabolites | Glucuronide conjugates (inactive), others[4][5][2] |
Onset of action | • Oral: <1 hour[2] • Rectal: <30 minutes[2] • IV : 2–3 min[1] • IM : <15 minutes[1] • SC : <15 minutes[1] |
Elimination half-life | ~5 hours (3–6 hours)<[4] |
Duration of action | 3–4 hours[6] |
Excretion | Urine, bile, feces;[2] 93% within 6 hours[7] |
Identifiers | |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C21H27NO4 |
Molar mass | 357.450 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
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Nalbuphine, sold under the brand names Nubain among others, is an opioid which is used to treat moderate to severe pain.[1] It is given by injection into a vein, muscle, or under the skin.[1] When given by injection onset of effects is within 15 minutes and lasts for about 3 to 4 hours.[1][6]
Common side effects include sleepiness, sweatiness, nausea, dizziness, dry mouth, and headache.[8] While it causes some respiratory depression at low doses this does not increase significantly with larger doses.[4] Other side effects may include abuse and anaphylaxis.[8] It is an opioid of the partial agonist type.[8]
Nalbuphine was patented in 1963 and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1979.[9] It is available as a generic medication.[8] In the United States it costs about 4 USD per 10 mg dose as of 2021.[10] It is marketed in many countries.[11] It is not a controlled substance in the United States.[4]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h Howard S. Smith; Marco Pappagallo (6 September 2012). Essential Pain Pharmacology: The Prescriber's Guide. Cambridge University Press. pp. 343–. ISBN 978-0-521-75910-6. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g Bruno Bissonnette (14 May 2014). Pediatric Anesthesia. PMPH-USA. pp. 398–. ISBN 978-1-60795-213-8. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
- ^ Excerpta medica. Section 24: Anesthesiology. 1988. Archived from the original on 2021-10-28. Retrieved 2021-10-24.
The mean absolute bioavailability was 81% and 83% for the 10 and 20 mg intramuscular doses, respectively, and 79% and 76% following 10 and 20 mg of subcutaneous nalbuphine.
- ^ a b c d Narver HL (March 2015). "Nalbuphine, a non-controlled opioid analgesic, and its potential use in research mice". Lab Anim (NY). 44 (3): 106–10. doi:10.1038/laban.701. PMID 25693108. S2CID 25378355.
- ^ a b Steven D. Waldman (9 June 2011). Pain Management E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 910–. ISBN 978-1-4377-3603-8. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
- ^ a b Greaves, Ian; Porter, Keith; Smith, Jason (7 June 2016). Practical Prehospital Care E-book: The Principles and Practice of Immediate Care. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-7020-4896-8. Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ Yoo YC, Chung HS, Kim IS, Jin WT, Kim MK (Mar–Apr 1995). "Determination of Nalbuphine in Drug Abusers' Urine". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 19 (2): 120–123. doi:10.1093/jat/19.2.120. PMID 7769781.
- ^ a b c d e "Nalbuphine Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 528. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2021-10-24.
- ^ "Nalbuphine Prices, Coupons & Patient Assistance Programs". Drugs.com. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ "Nalbuphine". Archived from the original on 2018-06-18. Retrieved 2021-10-24.