User:Mr. Ibrahem/Myoclonus
| Myoclonus | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Myoclonic twitches, myoclonic jerks, myoclonic seizures |
| A person with a myoclonus following a peripheral nerve block | |
| Specialty | Neurology |
| Symptoms | Brief, involuntary muscle twitch[1][2] |
| Types | Physiologic, pathologic[1] Focal, multifocal, generalized[3] |
| Causes | Physiologic: Hiccups, hypnic jerks[1] Pathologic: Infections, dystonia, stroke, brain tumors, kidney problems, liver problems, drug intoxication, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, dementia, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease[1][2] |
| Diagnostic method | Electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG), evoked potential studies, MRI[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Fasciculations, tremor, tics, chorea[2] |
| Treatment | Based on underlying cause, symptomatic[1] |
| Frequency | 9 per 100,000 at some point[2] |
Myoclonus is a brief, involuntary twitching of a muscle or group of muscles.[1][2] It may occur infrequently or many times per minute.[1] Severe cases main limit a person's ability to talk, walk, or eat.[1] It is a medical sign rather than a specific disease.[1]
There are two may categories physiologic and pathologic.[1] Physiologic types include hiccups and while falling asleep, known as hypnic jerks.[1] Pathologic cases may occur due to dystonia, stroke, brain tumors, kidney problems, liver problems, drug intoxication, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, dementia, and infections such as encephalitis and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.[1][2][3] Certain cases run in families or occur due to an unknown cause.[1] The underlying mechanism may involve either muscle contraction or muscle relaxation.[1]
Diagnosis may be supported by electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG), evoked potential studies, and MRI.[1] Treatment depends on the underlying cause.[1] In many cases, efforts remain symptomatic in nature such as the use of clonazepam or botox.[1] Certain cases may benefit from antiseizure medication such as valproate.[3] About 9 per 100,000 are affected at some point in their life.[2] It is more common in older people.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Myoclonus Fact Sheet | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke". www.ninds.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Ibrahim, W; Zafar, N; Sharma, S (January 2022). "Myoclonus". PMID 30725700.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c Kojovic, M; Cordivari, C; Bhatia, K (January 2011). "Myoclonic disorders: a practical approach for diagnosis and treatment". Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders. 4 (1): 47–62. doi:10.1177/1756285610395653. PMID 21339907.