User:Mr. Ibrahem/Cocaine use disorder
| Mr. Ibrahem/Cocaine use disorder | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Cocaine dependence, cocaine addiction, cocaine misuse, cocaine abuse |
| Video explanation | |
| Specialty | Psychiatry |
| Symptoms | Taking more than was intended, ongoing desire to use, use resulting in work or school issues, not stopping despite health problems[1] |
| Complications | Heart disease, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C, muscle breakdown, homelessness[2][3] |
| Risk factors | Adult ADHD, schizophrenia, antisocial personality disorder, other substance use disorders, unstable home environment[1][4] |
| Diagnostic method | Urine drug screen[1] |
| Treatment | Contingency management programs, cognitive behavioral therapy[2] |
| Frequency | 0.4% of adults[5] |
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is cocaine use in a manner that results in significant impairment.[1] This may involve taking more than was intended, ongoing desire to use, use resulting in work or school issues, and not stopping despite health problems from such use.[1] Other symptoms may include those of cocaine intoxication, cocaine withdrawal, psychosis, and weight lose.[3] Complications may include heart disease, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C, muscle breakdown, and homelessness.[2][3] Use is associated with anxiety disorders and depression.[3]
Risk factors included adult ADHD, with 10% being affected, schizophrenia, antisocial personality disorder, other substance use disorders, and an unstable home environment.[1][4] The severity can be divided into mild, moderate, and severe.[3] Diagnosis may be supported by a urine drug screen, which may remains positive 3 days after a single use and 12 days after heavy use.[1]
The evidence for specific treatments is limited.[2] Efforts may include contingency management programs, which provides vouchers for avoiding use, and cognitive behavioral therapy.[2][6] No medications have been approved for this use.[6] Evidence for providing other stimulants is insufficient as of 2020.[2]
About 19 million people used cocaine in 2018 (0.4% of adults).[5] Use is most common in Australia, North America and Europe.[5] About a million people in the United States have cocaine use disorder.[6] In Uruguay 43% of people who used cocaine were considered to have cocaine use disorder.[5] Young adults are most commonly affected.[1][3] In the United States, in 2019, nearly 16,000 overdose deaths involved cocaine.[7]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). American Psychiatric Association. 2013. pp. 561. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.156852. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ a b c d e f Ronsley, Claire; Nolan, Seonaid; Knight, Rod; Hayashi, Kanna; Klimas, Jano; Walley, Alex; Wood, Evan; Fairbairn, Nadia (18 June 2020). "Treatment of stimulant use disorder: A systematic review of reviews". PLOS ONE. 15 (6): e0234809. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234809.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b c d e f Ryan, SA (December 2019). "Cocaine Use in Adolescents and Young Adults". Pediatric clinics of North America. 66 (6): 1135–1147. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2019.08.014. PMID 31679603.
- ^ a b Oliva, F; Mangiapane, C; Nibbio, G; Berchialla, P; Colombi, N; Vigna-Taglianti, FD (9 November 2020). "Prevalence of cocaine use and cocaine use disorder among adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of psychiatric research. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.021. PMID 33199055.
- ^ a b c d WORLD DRUG REPORT 2020 (SET OF 6 BOOKLETS) (PDF). [S.l.]: UNITED NATIONS. 2020. pp. 25–30. ISBN 978-92-1-148345-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
- ^ a b c Kampman, KM (October 2019). "The treatment of cocaine use disorder". Science advances. 5 (10): eaax1532. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax1532. PMID 31663022.
- ^ "Overdose Death Rates". National Institute on Drug Abuse. 29 January 2021. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 26 February 2021.