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Nicholas Timothy Belaiew (Russian: Nikolai Timofeevich Beliaev; 1878-1955) was a Russian metallurgist.
Belaiew's research and discoveries were primarily focused on Damascus steel and the geometric Widmanstätten pattern.
Early life[edit]
Belaiew was born on June 26, 1878 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. His father was Gen. T. M. Beliaev.[1]
From 1902 to 1905, Belaiew studied at Mikhailovskoi Artilleriiskoi Akademii in St. Petersburg. The school was a graduate school of military engineering.[1]
Career[edit]
After graduating from Mikhailovskoi Artilleriiskoi Akademii, Belaiew remained at the academy as a tutor from 1905 to 1909 and served as a professor of metallurgical chemistry from 1909 to 1914. In 1915, after being wounded early in World War I, Belaiew was sent to England in relation to munitions supply. Belaiew served as a Colonel.[2] Belaiew remained in England after the Russian Revolution and worked as an industrial consultant.[1]
In 1922, Belaiew was elected to the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland.[2] He was also a member of the Institution of Mining Engineers, Companion of the Order of the Bath, and Fellow of the Chemical Society.[2][3] In 1934, Belaiew moved to Paris, France.[1]
Belaiew's research and contributions are were published in his first book in 1909, Kristallizatsia, struktura i svoystva stalipri medlennom okhlazhdenii. This book led the way and provided the basis for later papers in French, German, and English. Belaiew stated that his work was inspired by his teacher, D. K. Cheroff, and from Pavel Petrovich Anosov, who introduced the manufacturing of Damascus steel to Russia in 1841. In 1918, Belaiew published a paper on the history and metallurgy of Damascus steel. In 1944, Belaiew studied engineering steels and "the coalescence of iron carbide that the Oriental swordmakers had unknowingly achieved through their methods of forging."[1]
Another discovery of Belaiew's occurred when he discovered that the geometric Widmanstätten pattern, which was first found in meteorites, could be produced in steel under certain cooling conditions. He originally created the structure by accident, by having steel ingots removed from a furnace before they were fully ready. Belaiew’s prominence on the crystallographic properties of this discovery and his detailed research of of this geometric pattern are credited with "strongly influenced an important decade of metallurgical thinking."[1]
Belaiew died on November 5, 1955, in Paris, France.[1]
Principal works[edit]
- Kristallizatsia, struktura i svoystva stali pri medlennom okhlazhdenii (St. Petersburg, 1909)
- “Damascence Steel,” in Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, 97 (1918), 417–437, and 104 (1921), 181–184
- The Crystallization of Metals (London, 1922)
- “Swords and Meteors,” in Mining and Metallurgy, 20 (1939), 69–70
- “...la coalescence dans les aciers eutectoïdes et hypereutectoïdes, in Revue de métallurgie, 41 (1944), 65 ff. (in 8 parts)
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g "Belaiew, Nicholas Timothy" Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography (2008). Accessed via Encyclopedia.com on March 10, 2019.
- ^ a b c "Mineralogical Society Bye-Laws and Members" (PDF). p. xiii. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
- ^ "Additions to the library of the Chemical Society during the year 1922". Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions. 123. 1923.
see also[edit]
https://archive.org/stream/transactionsofi6162inst_1/transactionsofi6162inst_1_djvu.txt
https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/metallographie-macrographie-et-micrographie-optiques/