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Introduction

Tourism Impacts: The rapid growth in Tourism throughout the world led to questions of impacts that the tourism industry imposes among the: community, tourist, and destination. The study of Tourism Impacts is a relatively new research, it involves humans and animals along with the environment in which they reside in; this includes the natural environments, plants, animals and their habitats, the impacts of these can not always be easily categorized. The impacts of Tourism are like in any other, there are positive impacts and negative impacts, and be Direct or indirect and which can be objective depending on perspective and the lens in which the impacts are being observed through. Tourism Impacts are multifaceted and can be broken down into three main categories 1) Social and Cultural Impacts 2) Environmental Impacts and 3) Economic Impacts. Realizing when evaluating Tourism Impacts the observer must keep in mind; where is, it happening, when is it happening and the seasonality of the activities and the infrastructure built . Impacts become apparent after time and with varying effects and appear in all stages of development and operation of the Tourism destination .

Positive Impacts for the tourism industry is usually seen in Economic Growth particularly in Rural and Developing countries. A positive impact can refer to the increase in jobs, a higher quality of life for locals and an increase in wealth of an area. Tourism also has the advantage of rebuilding and restoring historic sites and encouraging the revitalization of cultures . A positive impact is to increase or to make better either for the tourist, the host community and residence and/or the tourist destination. The positive impacts are related more to the materialistic well-being, rather than to the happiness of a host community or tourist (Kim Kyungmi, 2002). The tourist destination is having positive impacts, if there have been improvements to the natural environment such as protection, national parks, or man-made infrastructure;waste-treatment plants.

Negative Impacts are the effects, that are caused in most cases, at the tourist destination site with detrimental impacts to the Social and cultural area, as well as the natural environment. As the population increases so do the impacts, resources become unsustainable and exhausted, the carrying capacity for tourists in a destination site may become depleted . Typically, when negative impacts are occurring, it is too late to place restrictions and regulations. Tourist destinations seem to discover that many of the negative impacts are found in the development stage of the Tourism area Life Cycle (J.G. Nelson, R. Butler, G. Wall, 1999).

The direct impacts of tourism; are from interactions that have direct implications on either the host community, tourist, or destination location. These impacts can have effects on the environmental, social, or economic aspects. Example: Tourist traveling to Kahuzi-Beiga National Park in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, unknowingly bringing diseases with them Indirect impacts of tourism which are also called secondary impacts, are results from the destination that are not direct effects but steam from a direct impact of a tourist destination. Example: The Gorillas in Kahuzi-Beiga National Park, developed respiratory diseases from tourist entering the park <ref name ="Ryan">.

Social and Cultural impacts are also known as Soci-Cultural, the impacts are associated with interactions between peoples and culture backgrounds. Which addresses the attitudes and behaviors, cultural relationships, and the material goods <ref name="Mason">Mason, P. (2003) The socio-cultural impacts of tourism; Tourism Impacts, Planning and Management. Chapter 05.. The introduction of tourists to sensitive cultural and cultural sites, can have detrimental outcomes to the host community and the locals, which can cause a loss of culture for generations. Increase tourism can also contribute to the preservation of culture and cultural sites encourage development of resources and stability in financial means. Environmental impacts are impacts that effect our natural environment and influence locals and have an impact on the tourist overall experiences in a destination. Environmental impacts can affect the vegetation, air quality, bodies of water, the water table, wildlife, rock formations and add to congestion in areas that may not have the carrying capacity (Robert W. Wyllie, 2000). The environmental impacts include the natural environment and the built environment and have both positive and negative effects on the destination site. Economic Impacts are usually seen as positive and contributes to growth and stability within communities. Economically tourism increases Job opportunities, increase the average incomes, and stimulates the economy in the community (Dearden et al.,2016). These impacts also contribute to high living costs within the community, pushing local business out of the areas and during high tourist season make the price of living unattainable to locals (Dearden et al., 2016; Muchapondawa and Stage, 2013).