Tell Dehaila
تل دحيلة | |
  Shown within Iraq  Tell Dehaila (Near East) | |
| Location | Dhi Qar Governorate, Iraq |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 30°58′0″N 45°47′20″E / 30.96667°N 45.78889°E |
| Type | archaeological site, tell, settlement site |
| History | |
| Founded | 2nd millennium BC |
| Periods | Isin-Larsa, Old-Babylonian |
| Site notes | |
| Excavation dates | 2019, 2021 |
| Archaeologists | Alexei Jankowski-Diakonoff |
| Condition | Ruined |
| Ownership | Public |
| Public access | Yes |
Tell Dehaila (Arabic: تل دحيلة) is an ancient tell, or archaeological site in Iraq. Remains at the site range from the Isin-Larsa/Old-Babylonian to Neo-Babylonian periods.
Location[edit]
It is located in Dhi Qar Governorate, Iraq, about 30 kilometers west of the ancient city of Ur. The settlement is in the bend of an ancient branch of the Euphrates and about 25 kilometers upstream of the ancient city of Eridu.
The name of this waterway is mentioned only once in a 1st millennium BC lexical list as id2.edin.eriduga(NUN)ki = susuka, the former being the Sumerian hydronym and the latter the Akkadian one.[1]: 32 Since the Sumerian was not spoken since a long time when the lexical list was created, this unusually descriptive hydronym ("a waterway of the Eridu Plain") is questionable.
Archaeology[edit]
The site is EP-34 in the Wright's survey of the Eridu-Ur region. The survey found a site of about 85 hectares and late Isin-Larsa/Old-Babylonian pottery shards. The survey found "drains lined with baked brick in former streets, building foundations of both baked and mud brick, and localized concentrations of basalt, copper, ceramic slag".[2]: 330
Apparently, Henri Wright counted the total area of Tell Dehaila including the neighboring Dehaila-2 and Nun-5, which are now counted separately. The city wall is oval shaped and covers an area of 47 hectares.[3] On the opposite side of the Eridu Canal there is a 5 hectare mound with a sizable (113 meter by 137 meter) building. A 130-meter barrage extended through the city wall into the waterway. As the waterway meandered to the east the site expanded into its former bed.[4]
The site was surveyed by the Iraqi-Russian Multidisciplinary Project (IRMP) team in 2018, 2019 and 2023, and briefly excavated in 2020 and 2021.[5][1][6] In the second season two soundings of three were excavated to virgin soil. Evidence of monumental mudbrick construction was found including walls up to four meters wide. Neo-Babylonian pottery shards are found on surface.[7] In the 2023 season new hi-res aerial orthoimagery has been collected.[6]
History[edit]
The site was occupied in the first half of the 2nd millennium BC, during the Isin-Larsa and Old Babylonian periods, possibly until the early Sealand period. There was also some occupation in the mid-1st millennium BC, probably of a semi nomadic type. Abdulameer al-Hamdani suggested Tell Dehaila was the capital of the First Sealand dynasty. A known Sealand site, Tell Khaiber is 16 kilometers to the northeast.[8][9][10]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Jankowski, A.I. (2019). "Болотная область Южного Двуречья" [The Extent of the Ancient Marshes of Southern Mesopotamia] (PDF). Vostok. Afro-aziatskie Obshchestva: Istoriia I Sovremennost Восток. Афро-азиатские общества: История и современность [Oriens] (in Russian) (2019 №6): 23–35. doi:10.31857/S086919080007749-0. ISSN 0869-1908.
- ^ Wright, Henry T. (1981). "Appendix: The Southern Margins of Sumer. Archaeological Survey of the Area of Eridu and Ur". In Adams, Robert McCormick (ed.). Heartland of Cities: Surveys of Ancient Settlement and Land Use on the Central Floodplain of the Euphrates (PDF). Chicago-London: University of Chicago Press. pp. 295–345. ISBN 0-226-00544-5.
- ^ Al-Hamdani, Abdulameer (2020). "The Settlement and Canal Systems During the First Sealand Dynasty (1721–1340 BCE)". In Paulus, Susanne; Clayden, Tim (eds.). Babylonia Under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties. Studies in ancient Near Eastern records. Vol. 24. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 28–57. doi:10.1515/9781501510298-003. ISBN 978-1501517068.
- ^ Al-Dafar, Abdulameer M. (2015). Shadow States: The Archaeology of Power in the Marshes of Southern Mesopotamia (PDF) (PhD thesis). Stony Brook University. hdl:11401/76626. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
- ^ Jankowski-Diakonoff, A.I.; Calderbank, D.; Jotheri, J.; Novikov, V.V. (2020). "Результаты пробного сезона Российско-Иракской экспедиции на телле Дехайла-1" [Results of the Test Season of the Iraqi-Russian Expedition at Tell Dehaila-1] (PDF). Vostok. Afro-aziatskie Obshchestva: Istoriia I Sovremennost Восток. Афро-азиатские общества: История и современность [Oriens] (in Russian) (2020 №5): 9–21. doi:10.31857/S086919080011054-6.
- ^ a b "Российско-Иракская комплексная экспедиция в 2023 г" [Iraqi-Russian Multisciplinary Project in 2023] (Press release) (in Russian). Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2023-11-27.
- ^ Jankowski-Diakonoff, A.I.; Amirov, Sh.N.; Menshikov, M.Yu.; Jotheri, J. (2022). "Второй сезон Российско-Иракской экспедиции на Телле Дехайла-1" [The Second Season of the Russian-Iraqi Expedition at Tell Dehaila-1] (PDF). Kratkie Soobshchenia Instituta Arkheologii Краткие сообщения Института археологии [Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology] (in Russian) (267): 44–58. doi:10.25681/IARAS.0130-2620.267. ISSN 0130-2620.
- ^ Clayden, Tim (2020). "Ur in the Kassite Period". In Paulus, Susanne; Clayden, Tim (eds.). Babylonia Under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties. Studies in ancient Near Eastern records. Vol. 24. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 88–124. doi:10.1515/9781501510298-005. ISBN 978-1501517068.
- ^ Boivin, Odette (2018). "The Sealand I in Babylonian historiography". The First Dynasty of the Sealand in Mesopotamia. Studies in ancient Near Eastern records. Vol. 20. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 20–59. doi:10.1515/9781501507823. ISBN 978-1501516399.
- ^ Gabbay, Uri; Boivin, Odette (2018). "A Hymn of Ayadaragalama, King of the First Sealand Dynasty, to the Gods of Nippur: The Fate of Nippur and Its Cult during the First Sealand Dynasty". Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie. 108 (1): 22–42. doi:10.1515/za-2018-0003.
Further reading[edit]
- Calderbank, Daniel (2021). Pottery from Tell Khaiber: A Craft Tradition of the First Sealand Dynasty. Archaeology of Ancient Iraq (in English and Arabic). Vol. 1. Ludlow, UK: Moonrise Press. ISBN 978-1-910169-02-5. Retrieved 2024-06-06.
- Boivin, Odette (2016). The First Dynasty of the Sealand in History and Tradition (PDF) (PhD thesis). Canada: University of Toronto. hdl:1807/92651. Retrieved 2024-06-06.
- Boivin, Odette (December 2015). "Kār-Šamaš as a South-Western Palace Town of the Sealand I Kingdom" (PDF). Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et Utilitaires [NABU] (4) 97: 162–164. ISSN 0989-5671. Retrieved 2024-06-06.
- al-Hamdani, Abdulameer (2014). "Kingdom of reeds: The archaeological heritage of Southern Iraqi Marshes". TAARII Newsletter (9–1/2): 15–20. Retrieved 2024-06-06.
- Lambert, W.G. (1974). "The Home of the First Sealand Dynasty". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 26 (4): 208–210. doi:10.2307/1359442. JSTOR 1359442.