Lightning McQueen

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Lightning McQueen
Cars character
A red car with yellow and orange lightning bolts and the number 95 on the sides
Lightning McQueen as he appears in Cars wearing his rookie paint job
First appearanceCars (2006)
Created byJohn Lasseter
Joe Ranft
Jorgen Klubien
Voiced byOwen Wilson (films, Cars: The Video Game, Mater and the Ghostlight, Cars Toons: Tales from Radiator Springs, and Cars on the Road)
Keith Ferguson (most video games, Cars Toons: Mater's Tall Tales, Cars Toons: Tales from Radiator Springs, and Miss Fritter's Racing Skoool)
Ben Rausch (Cars 3: Driven to Win)
In-universe information
SpeciesStock car
Significant otherSally Carrera

Lightning McQueen is a fictional anthropomorphic stock car and the main protagonist of the Disney/Pixar Cars franchise. McQueen's appearances include the feature films Cars, Cars 2, and Cars 3, as well as the animated series Cars Toons and Cars on the Road. He is also a playable character in each of the Cars video game installments. Lightning is recognizable by his red body with yellow and orange lightning bolt stickers featuring his racing number on his sides. He is primarily voiced by Owen Wilson.

Lightning begins as a talented but cocky rookie in the Piston Cup racing series who becomes stranded in the small town of Radiator Springs, where he learns about humility and friendship from the locals. Over his professional racing career he wins several Piston Cup victories. In Cars 2, he competes in the World Grand Prix, while his friend Tow Mater is unwittingly dragged into a spy mission. In Cars 3, he struggles to come to terms with retirement and assumes the role of Cruz Ramirez's mentor.

Despite receiving a mixed reaction from critics in the first film, Lightning McQueen has become the recognizable face and mascot of the Cars franchise, being mentioned in commentary by NASCAR racing drivers and sports journalists. He has been described as one of the greatest or most iconic cars in film.

Development

Concept and creation

Director John Lasseter, who had previously worked on Toy Story had for many years toyed with the idea of making a film about cars, having a particular love of cars and being a fan of NASCAR racing. In the summer of 2000, he and his family went on a two-month road trip that avoided interstate highways, which forced him to take a slower journey. Out of this experience, he began to develop the story idea for the film. "I discovered that the journey in life is the reward", he recalled. In 2001, he and a group of Pixar staff took a trip on Route 66. Over nine days, they toured a number of places along the route, including Route 66 Museum in Clinton, Oklahoma, and studied the landscape. Lasseter conducted research about automotives, befriending design chief J Mays of the Ford Motor Company. During development, Pixar's animators also benefited from having Porsche 911 coupes delivered to Pixar's offices for inspection. Lasseter and the production team also met with General Motors designers in the early 2000s to discuss the new Chevrolet Corvette design. At that time, the story concept was very different to the final film and according to Pixar producer Darla K. Anderson it evolved over time. Cars reflects Lasseter's sadness over the decline of small towns on Route 66, which he said "died overnight" following the construction of interstate highways after World War II.[1]

Characterization

Pixar's animators found it challenging to inject personality into the characters due to their rigid forms. Lasseter was of the opinion that the cars in the film had to feel like they had the weight and movement of real cars. In early animation tests, the cars featured big smiles and had less rigid tops, but Lasseter decided this needed to be changed to reflect the rigidity of real cars. The animators spent a lot of time working on the face to ensure that the characters felt like they were alive, thus the grill of the car was designed as its mouth. For the eyes, Lasseter took inspiration from the Disney short film Susie the Little Blue Coupe (1952), in which the character's windscreen panes are used for the eyes. This brought other challenges, in particular, how to get the characters' facial expressions right. In early tests, the team found that the eyes were too far from the mouth, so the animators worked to improve their expressions, such as smiling, where the lower lids had to be pulled up slightly to connect to the mouth.[2]

Although most of the car characters were inspired by real models, Lightning McQueen was given special treatment. Production designer Bob Pauley explained, "He’s the new rookie, he's kinda sexy, he's fast, he's different". The team took their favorite parts from different models, including GT40s and Chargers, to create him. Directing animator James Ford Murphy said that Lightning McQueen posed a challenge from the start, as the team struggled to define his character. They knew that it would be difficult to create a character that was both cocky but also likeable. To solve this, Pauley compiled biographies of celebrities with cocky but likeable personalities, including American boxer Muhammad Ali, American basketball player Charles Barkley, American football player Joe Namath and American musician Kid Rock. Pauley said that Lightning McQueen was successfully drawn once they created him as an Owen Wilson character. The movement of the cars was also a defining part of their personalities. For Lightning McQueen, the team wanted to bring beauty to his movement, so they took inspiration from surfers, snowboarders and athletes like American basketball player Michael Jordan. Murphy explained: "We wanted to have that same type of feeling, so that when they're talking about 'the rookie sensation,' you're seeing that he is really gifted."[2]

Art department manager Jay Ward explained that the theme of the film is expressed in Lightning McQueen's character development. He said that, as a racing car, he is entirely self-centered and his goal at the start of the film is to reach the finish line, but by spending time in Radiator Springs, he has to learn that "life is about the journey, not the destination". He described the racing aspect as the "bookends" in his story arc: "the racing world he started in and the racing world he returns to, and he is a different character".[2] Lightning McQueen is not named after actor and race driver Steve McQueen, but after Pixar animator Glenn McQueen who died in 2002.[3]

Voice

Owen Wilson, Lightning McQueen's primary voice actor, at the 2017 Daytona 500

American actor Owen Wilson is the voice of Lightning McQueen in the Cars filmography. He was cast in the original Cars film and returned to voice the character in Cars 2 and Cars 3, while also voicing him in the television series Cars on the Road.[4] Wilson said that he was cast in the role as a result of Lasseter and his children enjoying Shanghai Noon (2000), a film starring Wilson and Jackie Chan. When Wilson met with Lasseter, he told him about the upcoming animated project and thought that he would be suitable for the role.[5] Wilson admitted that he liked the "street cred" he got from his two sons for voicing the character.[6]

Design

The Cars production team consulted a variety of experts, including racers, engineers and historians, to ensure that the characters in the film were designed to have the appearance of real cars. Lightning McQueen is not based on a particular vehicle. Lasseter explained that the shape of NASCAR cars was problematic due to being shaped quite flat for aerodynamics, but this meant that their designs were not very interesting. Consequently, Lightning McQueen is a hybrid based on a stock car and a Le Mans endurance racer, which has a more curvaceous body. Lasseter added that the character also has "some Lola and some [Ford] GT40".[7] His number was originally 57, a reference to Lasseter's birth year, but was changed to 95, referencing the release year of Pixar's first film Toy Story.[8]

Appearances

Cars filmography

Cars (2006)

Lightning McQueen is a rookie racecar in the Piston Cup series and secretly disdains his sponsor, Rust-eze, hoping to be chosen by the more prestigious Dinoco team. Initially ungrateful, obnoxious, selfish, and sarcastic, Lightning believes that he doesn't need a crew chief or much help from his pit crew to win races. During the final race of the season, he blows his rear tires and finishes in a three-way tie with the soon-to-retire Strip 'The King' Weathers and perennial runner-up Chick Hicks. On the road to Los Angeles for a tie-breaker race, Lightning realizes he has no true friends. After an encounter with a quartet of tuner cars, he becomes separated from his transporter, a Mack truck named Mack, and ends up in Radiator Springs, a forgotten town along U.S. Route 66. He is soon arrested for accidentally destroying the town's main road and impounded there.

In Radiator Springs, Lightning meets a tow truck named Tow Mater, who takes a liking to him immediately. The local judge Doc Hudson, Sally, and the other townsfolk vote to have Lightning repave the road that he destroyed as community service. He rushes and fails to repave the road properly at first before reluctantly starting over. In the process, Lightning learns about the history of Radiator Springs and begins to relate to the town and its inhabitants. He becomes best friends with Mater, falls in love with Sally and becomes less focused on himself. He also learns a move called "turn right-to-go-left" from Doc and how to drive backward from Mater, which he later uses in the tie-breaker race.

During the final lap of the race, Lightning witnesses Chick Hicks perform a PIT maneuver on The King, causing him to suffer a rollover crash. He forfeits the win to help The King finish the race and is praised for his sportsmanship, so much so that Dinoco race team owner Tex Dinoco offers to hire him to succeed Weathers. Lightning declines, choosing instead to stay with Rust-eze out of newfound loyalty and respect for them. Tex instead offers to do him any favor whenever he needs it, which Lightning uses to get Mater a ride on the Dinoco helicopter. He establishes his racing headquarters in Radiator Springs, reunites with Mater and Sally, and becomes Doc Hudson's pupil.

Cars 2 (2011)

Five years after the events of the first film, Lightning McQueen, now a four-time Piston Cup champion, returns to Radiator Springs to spend his off-season with his friends. His stay is interrupted when Mater inadvertently causes him to participate in the inaugural World Grand Prix, sponsored by former oil tycoon Miles Axelrod, who hopes to promote his new biofuel, Allinol. Lightning is reluctant to bring Mater along, but agrees after being persuaded by Sally.

The night before the first race in Tokyo, Lightning and Mater enjoy exploring the city together. Later at a pre-race party, Lightning is briefly embarrassed by Mater, who mistook wasabi as pistachio ice cream. After losing the first race on account of Mater's secret involvement with spies Finn McMissile and Holley Shiftwell, Lightning angrily tells him he does not want his help, causing Mater to feel hurt and leave. Soon after, Lightning receives a note from Mater telling him that he left before he could apologize and begins to regret his actions. Lightning wins the second race in Porto Corsa, Italy; more cars suffer engine damage in the race, causing controversy and increased fears over Allinol's safety. In response, Axelrod decides to remove Allinol as a requirement for the final race in London. Lightning chooses to continue with Allinol on account of Fillmore telling him the fuel is safe, unknowingly endangering himself.

Before the London race, Lightning considers dropping out so he can look for Mater, but is persuaded by Axelrod to continue. After completing a few laps, Lightning spots Mater in the pits and tries to apologize for his outburst in Tokyo, but when he approaches him, Mater speeds away because of a bomb planted in his engine. Lightning catches up and realizes that Mater was telling the truth about being on a spy mission. McQueen apologizes to Mater and inspires him to confront Miles Axelrod, who is revealed to be the mastermind behind the plot. Mater forces him to disarm the bomb. Following the arrest of Axelrod, Lightning happily declares that Mater can come to all future races. Back in Radiator Springs, it is revealed that Lightning's Allinol supply was switched with Fillmore's organic fuel by Sarge prior to the start of the World Grand Prix, thereby protecting Lightning from danger during the race in London. A mini Grand Prix is held in the town, featuring all of the World Grand Prix contenders.

Cars 3 (2017)

Five years after the events of the second film, Lightning McQueen, now a seven-time Piston Cup champion and racing legend, races in the series with his long-time racing friends Cal Weathers and Bobby Swift. High-tech rookie racer Jackson Storm appears as the first of a new generation of racecars and begins to win race after race. Lightning pushes himself too hard while trying to compete with Storm in the season's final race and damages his engine, causing him to lose control and suffer a rollover crash.

After being rebuilt, Lightning decides to continue racing. He heads to the Rust-eze Training Center and trains with Cruz Ramirez, a yellow high-performance coupe, during the off-season in the hope of increasing his top speed and beating Storm. Lightning's new sponsor Sterling, a successful business car, tells him he will have to retire if he loses his next race, with Sterling planning to profit off Lightning's retirement merchandise. After several unsuccessful attempts at training, Lightning asks Mater for help, who gives him the idea to seek out Doc Hudson's old crew chief and mentor Smokey, a Hudson pick-up truck, and eventually meets him at the Thomasville Motor Speedway.

After completing training with Smokey, Lightning runs the first half of the Florida 500 with Smokey as his crew chief before pulling out and giving Cruz her chance to become a racer with him as her crew chief. Cruz and Lightning share the victory due to Lightning starting the race, and the pair receive a sponsorship under the merged Dinoco–Rust-eze brand. Lightning decides to continue racing but spends the rest of the season as Cruz's mentor and crew chief.

In video games

Lightning McQueen also appears in video games. On June 6, 2006, a Cars video game based on the first Cars film was published by THQ titled Cars: The Video Game. It features 30 races and playable characters from the film.[9] In 2011, a racing game titled Cars 2: The Video Game was released, featuring a number of playable characters from the film including Lightning McQueen.[10] Warner Bros. Interactive released the racing game Cars 3: Driven to Win based on Cars 3 and developed by Avalanche Software on June 13, 2017. Alongside other major characters, Lightning McQueen is a playable character.[11]

Animated series

Cars Toons (2008 - 2014)

Lightning McQueen appears in the animated series Cars Toons, which premiered on the Disney Channel on October 27, 2008. The series centres around his friend, Mater.[12]

Cars on the Road (2020)

An animated spin-off series titled Cars on the Road premiered on Disney+ on September, 8, 2022. The plot involves Lightning McQueen (voiced by Wilson) and Mater setting off on a road trip to the east of Radiator Springs to meet Mater's sister.[13]

Theme parks

Lightning McQueen in Cars Land

Lightning McQueen is a character at Cars Land, a themed section of Disney California Adventure, which debuted on 15 June 2012 and features a ride named Radiator Springs Racers.[14] On March 31, 2019 an interactive show named Lightning McQueen's Racing Academy debuted at Disney's Hollywood Studios, featuring Lightning McQueen as a physical vehicle.[15]

Reception

Critical response

Lightning McQueen's debut in Cars received a mixed response from critics. Lisa Schwarzbaum writing for Entertainment Weekly said that McQueen's story arc, in which he learns that loyalty and community are more important than personal advancement, was nothing new and had already been done in numerous films including in Over the Hedge and by Michael J. Fox in Doc Hollywood.[16] Paul Arendt of the BBC also noted the similarity to Doc Hollywood and expressed boredom over an "arrogant racing car" learning a lesson about community and teamwork.[17] Nick Schager of Slant described his story arc as the "maturation of narcissistic stock car rookie" and thought his character development was a simplistic transition from "materialistic, self-involved jerk to noble role model".[18] Philip French of The Guardian described Lightning McQueen as a "cocky, callow, young racing car, a flashy red affair" but noted the many positive lessons that he learns over the course of the film.[19] Mick LaSalle writing for the San Francisco Chronicle opined that the film raises too many questions about the motivations of its protagonist, describing him as an "armless, legless, cumbersome creature, inhabiting a lonely landscape in which no real connection is possible".[20] Conversely, Michael Agger of Slate praised the "heartwarming on-screen bondings" in the film, particularly scenes involving McQueen and Mater, and a dating sequence with Sally.[21] The Washington Post's Stephen Hunter found similarities to Lightning McQueen in the boxing stories of the 1930s as a "champ who's really a chump" who learns lessons in humility and respect. He also likened him to American racing driver Jeff Gordon.[22] Jeff Otto of IGN found Wilson's vocals "a bit irritating" and commented on the lack of chemistry between Wilson and Bonnie Hunt's Sally.[23]

Film critic Roger Ebert noted that in Cars 2, Lightning McQueen is "eclipsed" by the supporting character Mater.[24] Matt Fowler of IGN also commented on this, stating that he is reduced to playing the "straight man", but thought that giving Mater the main role in the film was a positive move because he felt that McQueen is a "dry character". He also opined that Pixar had forced him into additional scenes just because he had been the main character in the first film.[25] Empire's Ian Freer felt that the relationship between McQueen and Mater is too simple and too direct, particularly McQueen's expectations for his friend to change in order to fit into his lifestyle.[26] Simon Reynolds of Digital Spy found their friendship to be lacking in warmth.[27] A.O. Scott writing for The New York Times also criticised Lightning's racing exploits being upstaged by Pixar's "redneck Jar-Jar Binks".[28] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone thought that McQueen's determination to not let his career break his friendship with Mater was one of the film's strengths.[29] Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle praised the "recognizable earnestness" in Wilson's vocal performance.[30]

Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian found the story concept of Cars 3 to be "a bit contrived" by presenting a story arc about a character that is still a champion but also struggling with the idea of being replaced by a younger generation. He noted that Lightning McQueen appears no older than in the first film.[31] IGN's Eric Goldman applauded the depth in McQueen's character, stating that his story arc is "filled with allegory and metaphor" and praising the film for its detailed portrayal of what it means to be an ageing athlete.[32] Jeremiah Vanderhelm writing for The Michigan Daily commented that his story had already been done in other films like Rocky Balboa and Creed and felt that the film should have spent more time developing McQueen's struggle instead of trying to focus on both him and Cruz.[33] Simon Abrams of The Hollywood Reporter questioned whether children could really relate to a character who is being forced into retirement. He noted that although the story makes McQueen a sympathetic character due to being "soft-spoken and neurotically obsessed with going back to his roots", children would struggle to relate to him because the newcomer Jackson Storm is too fast to beat.[34] Robbie Collins writing for The Telegraph described the film as a "profound victory lap" for Lightning McQueen, noting the emotional significance of losing his mentor Doc Hudson and the "touching contemplation of legacies" shared with Cruz.[35] Julia Alexander of Polygon praised Cars 3 for bringing the franchise back to its roots, noting that the film focuses entirely on Lightning McQueen, who had been sidelined in Cars 2. She commented that the film makes it clear that he is "the star of the universe" and felt that it is "the righteous conclusion longtime fans have been waiting for".[36]

Legacy

Lightning McQueen has been described by critics as one of the greatest or most iconic movie cars.[a] In motorsport, the Japanese team APR Racing drove the Lightning McQueen-based livery No. 95 Toyota MR-S during the 2008 Super GT Series.[43] In April 2021, fifteen years after the release of Cars, "Lightning McQueen crocs" trended on Twitter, after the Crocs shoe company released a limited edition pair of adult crocs designed in the character's likeness.[44] In October 2021, Wilson appeared in a sketch on Saturday Night Live which involved him recording Lightning McQueen's dialogue for a fourth Cars film. In the script, the character is increasingly presented as the villain of the story.[45] In November 2023, he was added as a DLC car in the vehicular soccer video game Rocket League.[46] A debate over Lightning McQueen's status as the greatest of all time raged with fans on social media in November 2023, eventually involving American sports journalist Stephen A. Smith, who opined that he could not be regarded as such, having only tied with Strip 'The King' Weathers by winning seven Piston Cups.[47] In February 2024, NASCAR racing driver Kyle Busch referred to the character after being in the middle car in a three-wide finish at Atlanta Motor Speedway. He commented, "I hate that we had a Lightning McQueen-style finish there", referring to a moment in Cars when the character finishes in a three-wide race by sticking his tongue out to reach the finish line.[48] In May 2024, Chris Buescher made a similar joke after losing to Kyle Larson in a close photo finish at Kansas Speedway by commenting, "Guess I should've pulled a Lightning McQueen and stuck out my tongue."[49]

Notes

  1. ^ Sources that cite Lightning as among the greatest or most iconic movie cars include:[37][38][39][40][41][42]

References

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