Draft:Katō (clan)

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The[1]Katō clan (加藤氏, Katō-shi) was a samurai and aristocratic clan in Japan. It was said that the Ka in Katō came from the Fujiwara clan of Kaga. Katō Kiyomasa[2] came from the Katō clan, who claimed to be descendants of the Fujiwara-Kitaoji clan. Katō Mitsuyasu and Kamei were descendants of the Fujiwara-Kitaoji clan. The latter two branches became the lords of Ōzu and Minakuchi respectively in the early modern period, and after the Meiji Restoration, both clans were ennobled as viscounts.[3]

Katō
加藤氏
Mon of the Katō clan
Home provinceTōtōmi Province
Parent house-unknown-
TitlesShishaku (viscount).
FounderFujiwara Kagemichi [ja]
Final rulerKatō Akizane
Current head-unknown-
Founding yearmid-Heian period
DissolutionJuly 15, 1871
Ruled until1871, abolition of the han system
Cadet branchesToyoma clan [ja], Itami clan [ja]

History[edit]

It is believed that the first person to be called Katō was Fujiwara Kagemichi, who served under Minamoto no Yorimitsu[4]. He was given the title of Kaga no Fujiwara, which was later abbreviated to Katō. Katō Kagenobu, who is said to be the great-grandson of Kagemichi, participated in Minamoto no Yoritomo's uprising.[5] After the downfall of the Taira clan and the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate[6], he became a vassal of the Kamakura government. He was ordered by Yoritomo to defeat Yasuda Yoshisada, along with Kajiwara Kagesue. Although he later obtained the position of Jito (land steward) in the Ashiba Manor in Tōtōmi Province, his land was confiscated when Kajiwara Kagesue was killed, possibly due to his close relationship with Kagesue. The descendants of the Minamoto clan include the Katō clan, a branch of the Toyama clan, and the Katō clan of the Katō Mitsuyasu lineage. Among them, Katō Yoshiaki stands out with his unique background as one of the Seven Spears of Shizugatake. The Katō clan of the Yoshiaki lineage was originally known as the Kishi clan, with references to Yoshiaki's father, Kishi Noriaki, found in historical documents. Yoshiaki's grandfather, Katō Chōmei, was originally a vassal of the Takeda clan in Kai province. Due to certain circumstances, he relocated to Mikawa province and served Tokugawa Ieyasu's grandfather, Matsudaira Kiyoyasu, and father, Matsudaira Hirotada. However, apart from the genealogy created by Yoshiaki, his name is not found elsewhere, and it is said that the Katō clan began using the name after Yoshiaki became the adopted son of Katō Kageyoshi. The Katō clan of the Mitsuyasu lineage is connected to the Mitsuyasu lineage. Yoshiaki's father, Kishi Noriaki, supported the Ikkō-ikki uprising in Mikawa, causing the Matsudaira clan to leave, and then served the Oda clan in Owari, where he was later recognized by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

The clan[edit]

Peaceful Kamakura period[7]

-Description : Considered the ancestor of the Katō clan.

Katō Kagenobu [ja][8]

-Description : A warrior from Izu Province. He achieved great military exploits following Minamoto no Yoritomo's uprising.

Katō Kagemasa [ja]

-Description : Also known as the brother of Katō Kagenobu, considered the founder of Seto ware.

After the era of the Warring States[edit]

-Description : Following the Sengoku period, the Katō Mitsuyasu[9] lineage emerged as a prominent force.

[edit]

Since the [10]Sengoku period, the Kato Mitsuyasu line has been prominent. Katō Mitsuyasu served under Toyotomi Hideyoshi and was granted the Kai Province of 240,000 koku. His son, Katō Sadayasu, was reduced to 40,000 koku in Mino Province in 1594, and then transferred to the Yonago Domain in 1610, where he received an additional 20,000 koku, totaling 60,000 koku. In 1617, he was transferred to the Ōzu Domain. The domain continued until the abolition of the han system. The last lord, Katō Yasuaki, was appointed as the governor of the Ōzu Domain in June 1869, during the abolition of the han system, and served as the governor until the abolition of the Han system in July 1871.[11]

List of Daimyō[edit]

# Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank kokudaka
Katō clan, 1571-1871 (Fudai)
1 Katō Mitsuyasu (加藤光泰) 1571 - 1593 Tōtōmi no kami (遠江守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 5,700 koku
2 Katō Sadayasu (加藤貞泰) 1593 - 1610 Shimozaemon Jō (下左衛門尉) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 5,700 koku
3 Katō Yasuoki (加藤泰興) 1623 - 1674 Shimodewa no kami (下出羽守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 5,700 koku
4 Katō Yasutsune (加藤泰恒) 1674 - 1715 Tōtōmi no kami (遠江守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 5,700 koku
5 Katō Yasumune (加藤泰統) 1715 - 1727 Shimodewa no kami (下出羽守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 5,700 koku
6 Katō Yasuatsu (加藤泰温) 1727 - 1745 Tōtōmi no kami (遠江守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 5,700 koku
7 Katō Yasutake (加藤泰武) 1762 - 1768 Tōtōmi no kami (遠江守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 5,700 koku
8 Katō Yasuyuki (加藤泰行) 1768 - 1769 Shimodewa no kami (下出羽守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 5,700 koku
9 Katō Yasutoki (加藤泰候) 1769 - 1787 Tōtōmi no kami (遠江守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 5,700 koku
10 Kato Yasuzumi (加藤泰済) 1787 - 1826 Tōtōmi no kami (遠江守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 5,700 koku
11 Katō Yasumoto (加藤泰幹) 1826 - 1853 Tōtōmi no kami (遠江守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 5,700 koku
12 Katō Yasutomi (加藤泰祉) 1853 - 1864 Shimodewa no kami (下出羽守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 5,700 koku
13 Katō Yasuaki (加藤泰秋) 1864 - 1871 Tōtōmi no kami (遠江守) Senior 2nd Rank Lower Grade (上級二位下) 5,700 koku

Katō Yoshiaki[12] Lineage

[edit]

[13]Katō Yoshiaki was originally a retainer of the Matsudaira clan, but he rebelled against his lord, Matsudaira Motoyasu (later Tokugawa Ieyasu), during the Ikkō-ikki and fled. Born as Noriaki's son, Katō Yoshiaki served under Toyotomi Hideyoshi and became one of the [14]Seven Spears of Shizugatake. He played an active role in the Odawara campaign and the Korean expedition under the Toyotomi regime. After the death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, he approached Tokugawa Ieyasu and became a daimyō of Iyo-Matsuyama Domain with 210,000 koku in the Battle of Sekigahara. [15]Yoshiaki was later granted an additional 400,000 koku and became a powerful daimyo of Aizu Domain in his later years. However, after Yoshiaki's death, his successor Katō Akinari was deprived of his domain due to the Aizu Incident. Akinari's illegitimate son, Katō Meitomo, was allowed to revive as a daimyō of Omihachiman Domain with 20,000 koku.

When he was transferred to Mibu Domain in Shimotsuke Province, he was granted an additional 5,000 koku, and after being returned to Mizuguchi Domain in 1713, the same domain continued to exist until the [16]abolition of the han system. The last daimyō of Minakuchi Domain, Akihisa, was appointed as the governor of Minakuchi Domain in June 1869, and served as the governor of the same domain until the abolition of the han system in July 1871. With the integration of court nobles and daimyo families in the administrative officials on June 17, 1869, the peerage system was established, and the Kato clan was also listed as a peerage as a daimyō clan. When the peerage system became the five peerage system with the enforcement of the Peerage Law on July 7, 1884, he was listed as a viscount August 8, 1884 as a former small han governor.

List of Daimyō[edit]

# Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank kokudaka
Katō clan, 1600-1871 (Fudai)
1 Katō Yoshiaki (加藤嘉明) 1600 - 1627 Samasuke (左馬助) Junior 3rd Rank Lower Grade (従三位下) 210,000 koku
2 Katō Akinari (加藤明成) 1627 - 1643 Shosuke Shikibu (式部少輔) Junior 4th Rank Lower Grade (従三位下) 210,000 koku
3 Katō Akitomo (加藤明友) 1643 - 1682 Kuranosuke (内蔵助) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 210,000 koku
4 Katō Akihide (加藤明英) 1682 - 1695 Sado no kami (佐渡守), Etchu no kami (越中守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 210,000 koku
5 Katō Yoshinori (加藤嘉矩) 1695 - 1712 Izumi no kami (和泉守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 210,000 koku
6 Katō Akitsune (加藤明経) 1712 - 1746 Izumi no kami (和泉守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 210,000 koku
7 Katō Akihiro (加藤明煕) 1746 - 1767 Bungo no kami (豊後守), Sado no kami (佐渡守), Sagami no kami (相模守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 210,000 koku
8 Katō Akitaka (加藤明堯) 1767 - 1778 Noto no kami (能登守), Ise no kami (伊勢守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 210,000 koku
9 Katō Akinobu (加藤明陳) 1778 - 1799 Noto no kami (能登守), Ise no kami (伊勢守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 210,000 koku
10 Katō Akimasa (加藤明允) 1799 1815 Noto no kami (能登守), Ise no kami (伊勢守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 210,000 koku
11 Katō Akikuni (加藤明邦) 1815 - 1845 Sado no kami (佐渡守), Noto no kami (能登守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 210,000 koku
12 Katō Akinori (加藤明軌) 1845 - 1866 Izumi no kami (和泉守), Etchu no kami (越中守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 210,000 koku
13 Katō Akizane (加藤明実) 1866 - 1871 Noto no kami (能登守) Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade (従五位下) 210,000 koku

Common clans[edit]

Katō Michinaga[edit]

The incident originated from Nakamura in Aichi District. It is said to be of the lineage of Fujiwara Michinaga (descendant of the Fujiwara Nagatomi's family), but the authenticity of this claim is uncertain. During the Sengoku period, Katō Kiyomasa served under Toyotomi Hideyoshi and eventually rose to become the daimyō of Kumamoto Domain in Higo Province. He also achieved numerous military exploits as a member of the martial faction of the Toyotomi clan. After Hideyoshi's death, he aligned himself with [17]Tokugawa Ieyasu and contributed to the Eastern army in the [18]Battle of Sekigahara, earning him an increase in fief to 520,000 koku and the position of daimyō of Kumamoto Domain after the war.

In 1611, Kiyomasa died and was succeeded by his son, Katō Tadahiro. However, in 1632, he was accused of misconduct by, Tokugawa Iemitsu, and was stripped of his position. The reason was that his eldest son, Katō Mitsuhira, had created a counterfeit letter of rebellion bearing the names and seals of various daimyōs', which caused trouble for other clans' as well. Such actions, which could potentially lead to unrest, were severely scrutinized as they questioned the qualifications of a lord's son. Tadahiro was then given a stipend of 10,000 koku in Dewa Province, and spent the rest of his life there.

Descendants of Katō Tadahiro continued as prominent landowners, and during the Meiji era, Emperor Meiji visited the Katō clan's residence. Katō Setsu, the first married Japanese woman to obtain a Doctor of Science degree, was the granddaughter of the head of the Katō clan at that time.

After the downfall of Katō Kiyomasa, the Katō clan's crest changed from the "Snake's Eye" to the "Katō Clan." This change occurred during the time of Katō Masanori (Chikugo-Katō clan).

Katō Uenohara[edit]

Katō Uenohara was a local lord in Uenohara, Tsuru District, Kai Province. He was the lord of Uenohara Castle and it is believed that Nagamine Fortress is his castle. Uenohara is located at the eastern end of Tsuru District, close to Musashi Province and Sagami Province. Uenohara Kato served as a vassal of the Takeda clan during the Muromachi and Sengoku periods. He claimed to be a descendant of Katō Kagenobu and ruled Kawato-go in the Kofu Basin. The Eigenji Temple in Shimokawato was founded by Katō Bongen. The remains of Katō Genkaga's residence are preserved in Kamikawato. Katō Uenohara belonged to Nagao Kagetoshi's side during theNagao Kagetoshi's Rebellion and the Eisho Rebellion. He had a deep relationship with the Oyamada clan but was considered an independent local lord subservient to the Takeda clan. Katō Torakage provided reinforcements during the Sengoku period.[19]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Japanese Biographical Index. Walter de Gruyter. 2013-02-06. ISBN 978-3-11-094798-4.
  2. ^ Turnbull, Stephen (2012-11-20). The Samurai Invasion of Korea 1592–98. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-758-0.
  3. ^ Benesch, Oleg; Zwigenberg, Ran (2019-05-02). Japan's Castles: Citadels of Modernity in War and Peace. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-48194-6.
  4. ^ Matsuura, Thersa (2024-04-30). The Book of Japanese Folklore: An Encyclopedia of the Spirits, Monsters, and Yokai of Japanese Myth: The Stories of the Mischievous Kappa, Trickster Kitsune, Horrendous Oni, and More. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-5072-2191-4.
  5. ^ Turnbull, Stephen R. (2000). The Samurai Tradition. Japan Library. ISBN 978-4-931444-35-5.
  6. ^ Mass, Jeffrey (1976-06-01). The Kamakura Bakufu: A Study in Documents. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-6643-2.
  7. ^ Mass, Jeffrey P. (1995). Court and Bakufu in Japan: Essays in Kamakura History. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-2473-9.
  8. ^ Tetsudōin, Japan (1914). An Official Guide to Eastern Asia: South-western Japan. Imperial Japanese Government Railways.
  9. ^ Glenn, Chris (2023-01-05). The Samurai Castle Master: Warlord Todo Takatora. Frontline Books. ISBN 978-1-3990-9661-4.
  10. ^ Turnbull, Stephen (2012-06-20). War in Japan 1467–1615. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78200-047-1.
  11. ^ Kazoku, Taikan. (1990). 華族大鑑. Nippon Tosho Center, Japanese Biography Series 7. ISBN 978-4820540342. (In Japanese).
  12. ^ Ryōtarō, Shiba (2013-12-05). Clouds above the Hill: A Historical Novel of the Russo-Japanese War, Volume 1. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-16223-7.
  13. ^ Glenn, Chris (2023-01-05). The Samurai Castle Master: Warlord Todo Takatora. Frontline Books. ISBN 978-1-3990-9659-1.
  14. ^ Kio, Shimoku (2014-03-18). Genshiken: Second Season: Second Season 4. Kodansha Comics. ISBN 978-1-61262-688-8.
  15. ^ Turnbull, Stephen (2016-10-30). Samurai in 100 Objects. Casemate Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4738-5039-2.
  16. ^ Karube, Tadashi (2019). Toward the Meiji Revolution: The Search for "civilization" in Nineteenth-century Japan. Japan Publishing Industry Foundation for Culture. ISBN 978-4-86658-059-3.
  17. ^ Sadler, A. L. (2009-07-10). Shogun: The Life of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4629-1654-2.
  18. ^ Glenn, Chris (2021-11-24). The Battle of Sekigahara: The Greatest, Bloodiest, Most Decisive Samurai Battle Ever. Frontline Books. ISBN 978-1-3990-1414-4.
  19. ^ Yuji, Kotabe. (2006). 華族近代日本貴族の虚像と実像. Chuokoron-Shinsha. ISBN 978-4121018366. (In Japanese)
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