Alberto Masferrer

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Masferrer and the second or maternal family name is Mónico.

Vicente Alberto Masferrer Mónico
Alberto Masferrer
Born	Vicente Alberto Masferrer lopez (1868-07-24)July 24, 1868 Alegría, Usulután, El Salvador
Died	8 November 1932(1932-11-08) (aged 64) Tegucigalpa, Honduras (disputed)
Occupation	Author, Editor, Diplomat, Professor, Deputy President, Teacher, Journalist, Publicist, Politician
Nationality	Salvadoran
Genre	Essayist and Philosopher
Literary movement	Vitalismo

Vicente Alberto Masferrer Mónico, known as Alberto Masferrer, was a Salvadoran essayist, philosopher, fiction writer, and journalist, best known for the development of the philosophy of 'Vital Minimum' or 'Vitalismo' in Spanish. He was born in Alegría, Usulután formerly Tecape, Usulután in El Salvador on 24 July 1868. He did not receive a formal education, instead claiming to have been educated by "the university of life," but he did travel widely, having lived in several Central American countries, as well as in Chile, New York, and several European nations. During his public career at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of El Salvador, he served as an ambassador of El Salvador in Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, and Belgium, and served as a professor in Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Chile, and Argentina. Having served in the government of President Arturo Araujo, he was sent into exile in Honduras by the dictatorship of Maximiliano Hernández Martínez following the uprising of 1932 known as La Matanza, dying that same year on 8 September in the city of Tegucigalpa. Masferrer was well respected throughout his life, having earned the praise of such major Salvadoran figures as Arturo Ambrogi, Miguel Ángel Espino, Claudia Lars, and Salarrué.

Early Life

Alberto Masferrer was born in a town in eastern El Salvador, pipil home and subsequently dominated by the Lenca. The home he was born in was owned by the Mejia family and is now a small museum. His education involved a mixture of both self-teaching and formal education. His love for reading led him to choose teaching as a career later on in life. Salvadoran writer and journalist Arturo Ambrogi once stated that "I have rarely seen a lecturer as tremendous as Alberto."

Career

Writer

Masferrer became an editor for the Salvadoran newspaper El Día in 1923. In 1928, he, along with writers and journalists Alberto Guerra Trigueros and José Bernal, founded the Salvadoran newspaper Patria, which the country. Alberto was in charge of the editorial section, as well as a well-received column titled "Vivir." The University of El Salvador editorial would go on to publish the works of Masferrer thanks to Pedro Geoffroy Rivas, a poet and literary critic who compiled Masferrer's newspaper writings over the span of several years. In addition to his popularity in El Salvador, Alberto Masferrer also gained a following in Chile for his humorous columns under the pen name "Lutrín" for both newspapers El Chileno, based in Santiago, and El Mercurio which was based in Valparaíso. In addition to these newspapers, he also published weekly works in newspapers such as La Reforma and The United Workers, as well as in magazines such as The Republic of Central America, Actualidades, Scientific Literary Bibliography, El Simiente, among others. He also worked as director of the Official Journal in 1892. His writings brought light to the social issues in El Salvador and have been characterized by his demanding of minimum rights for every person through his beliefs of Vital Minimum or Vitalismo. He dignified human beings through the usage of mainly harsh words and engaging in controversy over socially accepted customs.

Teaching

Alberto Masferrer taught throughout Latin America in countries such as Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Chile and Argentina, having been named "teacher and director of Crowds" by Salvadoran poet Claudia Lars. Alberto Masferrer taught at the Salvadoran Language Academy in San Salvador

Portrait of Masferrer in the national library in San Salvador.

Masferrer at the Salvadoran Consulate General in Belgium.

Career in Politics

He began his political career as consul of El Salvador in Argentina (1901), Chile (1902), Costa Rica (1907) and Belgium (1910). In addition, he worked at the International Court of Justice in the year 1912. Secretary of the National Institute (1890) and Advisor to the Ministry of Education (1916). Under the basic premise of the peaceful struggle for the rights of each individual, became the ideologue and political campaign manager for the future president, the engineer Arturo Arajo in 1930. That same year he was elected as national deputy president separating himself politically from the president and their positions. Despite his opposition to the arrival to the presidency of General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, the military takeover was inevitable. Since then, Masferrer tried to contain the violence unleashed months later, in the 1932 Salvadoran peasant uprising, which resulted in the deaths of thousands of natives and Masferrer's exile to Honduras. His relationship with the Salvadoran Communist Party is unclear, although there are references about the pacifistic influence that he as a writer, tried, although it failed.

Death

There are some uncertainties regarding the death of Alberto Masferrer, with some sources claiming that he died in El Salvador, while others claim that it was in Honduras.

Vitalismo

Vitalismo was a philosophical doctrine developed by Masferrer in several of his essays, particularly "El mínimum vital." This philosophy espouses the idea that all individuals, regardless of gender or race, have the right to a basic standard of life, through equal access to education, work, food, and shelter. Through this philosophy, Masferrer also argued for pacifism, influenced by the efforts of Mahatma Gandhi. Vitalismo can be seen in many of Masferrer's essays, as well as in his novella Una vida en el cine.

Partial bibliography

• ¿Qué debemos saber? (essay, 1913)
• Leer y escribir (essay, 1915)
• Una vida en el cine (novella, 1922)
• Ensayo sobre el destino (essay, 1925)
• Las siete cuerdas de la lira (essay, 1926)
• El dinero maldito (essay, 1927)
• Helios (essay, 1928)
• La religión universal (essay, 1928)
• El minimum vital (essay, 1929)
• Estudios y figuraciones de la vida de Jesús (essay, 1930)

The most complete selection of Masferrer's works is the 3 volume collection Obras de Alberto Masferrer. San Salvador: Universidad Autónoma de El Salvador, 1951.