User:Petermgrund/sandbox/List of autoimmune diseases

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List of autoimmune diseases

This article provides a comprehensive overview of a selection of autoimmune disorders. These conditions, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, affect a range of organs and systems within the body. Each disorder is listed with the primary organ or body part that it affects and the associated autoantibodies that are typically found in people diagnosed with the condition. Each disorder is also categorized by its acceptance as an autoimmune condition into four levels: confirmed, probable, possible, and uncertain. This classification is based on the current scientific consensus and reflects the level of evidence supporting the autoimmune nature of the disorder. Lastly, the prevalence rate, specifically in the United States, is included to give a sense of how common each disorder is within the population.

  • Confirmed - Used for conditions that have strong, well-established evidence of autoimmune etiology.
  • Probable - Used for conditions where there is substantial evidence of autoimmune involvement, but the scientific consensus may not be as strong as for those in the 'confirmed' category.
  • Possible - Used for conditions that have some evidence pointing towards autoimmune involvement, but it's not yet clear or there is ongoing debate.
  • Uncertain - This term could be used for conditions where the evidence of autoimmune involvement is limited or contested.

Integumentary system[edit]

The integumentary system, composed of the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands, serves as a protective barrier between the body and the environment. It also plays a critical role in regulating body temperature and maintaining fluid balance.

Autoimmune disorder Primary organ/body part affected Autoantibodies Acceptance as an autoimmune disorder Prevalence rate (US) Cit.
Alopecia areata Hair follicles None specific Confirmed 2.1% [1][2]
Autoimmune angioedema Skin C1 inhibitor Probable Less than 5,000 [3]
Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis Skin Progesterone Probable Extremely rare [4]
Autoimmune urticaria Skin IgG against IgE or IgE receptor Probable Not well established [5][6]
Bullous pemphigoid Skin Anti-BP180, Anti-BP230 Confirmed 6-30 per 100,000 (mostly older adults) [7]
Cicatricial pemphigoid Mucous membranes, sometimes skin Anti-BP180, Anti-BP230 Confirmed Rare [8]
Dermatitis herpetiformis Skin Anti-tissue transglutaminase Confirmed 10 per 100,000 [9]
Dermatomyositis Skin and muscles Anti-Jo1, Anti-Mi2, Anti-SRP, Anti-TIF1 Confirmed 9 in 1,000,000 [10]
Discoid lupus erythematosus Skin ANA, Anti-dsDNA, Anti-Sm Confirmed Part of SLE prevalence (20-150 per 100,000) [11]
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita Skin Anti-type VII collagen Confirmed Extremely rare [12]
Erythema nodosum Skin None specific Possible Not well established [13]
Gestational pemphigoid Skin Anti-BP180, Anti-BP230 Confirmed Rare [14]
Hidradenitis suppurativa Skin None specific Uncertain 1-4% [15]
Lichen planus Skin, mucous membranes None specific Probable 1% [16]
Lichen sclerosus Skin None specific Probable Rare [17]
Linear IgA disease Skin Anti-epidermal basement membrane IgA Confirmed Extremely rare [18]
Morphea Skin None specific Probable Not well established [19]
Psoriasis Skin Various, not specific Confirmed 2-3% [20]
Pemphigus vulgaris Skin and mucous membranes Anti-desmoglein 3, Anti-desmoglein 1 Confirmed 1-5 per 100,000 [21]
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) Skin, organs ANA, anti-Scl-70, anti-centromere Confirmed 240 per 1,000,000 [22]
Vitiligo Skin Various, not specific Confirmed 1% [23]

Digestive system[edit]

Autoimmune disorder Primary organ/body part affected Autoantibodies Acceptance as an autoimmune disorder Prevalence rate (US) Cit.
Autoimmune enteropathy Small intestine Anti-enterocyte antibodies Probable Rare [24]
Autoimmune hepatitis Liver ANA, ASMA, anti-LKM1 Confirmed 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 50,000 [25]
Celiac disease Small intestine Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTG), Endomysial antibody (EMA), Deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) Confirmed 1 in 100 [26]
Crohn's disease Digestive tract ASCA, Anti-OmpC, Anti-CBir1, ANCA Probable 201 per 100,000 adults [27]
Primary biliary cholangitis Liver AMA, ANA Confirmed 40 per 100,000 [28]
Pernicious anemia Stomach Anti-IF, Anti-parietal cell Confirmed 0.1% [29]
Ulcerative colitis Colon and rectum pANCA, ASCA Probable 249 per 100,000 adults [30]

Heart[edit]

Autoimmune Disorder Primary Organ/Body Part Affected Autoantibodies Acceptance as an Autoimmune Disorder Prevalence Rate (US) Cit.
Rheumatic heart disease Heart valves Anti-streptolysin O (ASO), anti-DNase B Confirmed Declining due to improved treatment of strep throat [31]
Kawasaki disease Coronary arteries Unknown Probable 20 per 100,000 children under age 5 [32]
Giant cell arteritis Large and medium arteries, can affect coronary arteries None specific Confirmed 200 per 100,000 (over age 50) [33]
Takayasu's arteritis Large arteries, including the aorta None specific Confirmed Rare, more common in East Asia [33]

Urinary system[edit]

Autoimmune Disorder Primary Organ/Body Part Affected Autoantibodies Acceptance as an Autoimmune Disorder Prevalence Rate (US) Cit.
Goodpasture syndrome Kidneys, lungs Anti-GBM antibodies Confirmed 1 per million people [34]
IgA nephropathy Kidneys IgA autoantibodies Confirmed 3.5 per 100,000 [35]
Membranous nephropathy Kidneys Anti-PLA2R antibodies Confirmed 10 per 100,000 [36]
Lupus nephritis Kidneys Anti-dsDNA, Anti-Sm, Anti-nuclear antibodies Confirmed Up to 60% of those with Lupus
Interstitial nephritis Kidneys Various autoantibodies Probable Varies widely, often drug-induced
Interstitial cystitis Bladder Anti-urothelial and anti-nuclear antibodies Probable 100-450 per 100,000 women, less common in men
Primary sclerosing cholangitis Bile ducts, can affect gallbladder ANCA, Anti-mitochondrial antibodies Confirmed 1 per 100,000
Interstitial cystitis Bladder Anti-urothelial and anti-nuclear antibodies Probable 100-450 per 100,000 women, less common in men

Nervous system[edit]

Autoimmune disorder Primary organ/body part affected Autoantibodies Acceptance as an autoimmune disorder Prevalence Rate (US) Cit.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis Central nervous system Unknown Confirmed 0.8 per 100,000
Acute motor axonal neuropathy Peripheral nerves Anti-GM1 Confirmed Part of Guillain-Barré syndrome prevalence
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis Brain Anti-NMDA receptor Confirmed 1.5 per million
Autoimmune encephalitis Brain Various, depending on subtype (e.g., NMDA receptor antibodies, LGI1 antibodies) Confirmed Rare
Balo concentric sclerosis Central nervous system Unknown Probable Rare
Bickerstaff's encephalitis Brain Anti-GQ1b Confirmed Rare
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy Peripheral nerves Various, including anti-MAG Confirmed 1-2 per 100,000
Guillain-Barré syndrome Peripheral nerves Various, including anti-GM1, anti-GD1a Confirmed 1-2 per 100,000
Hashimoto's encephalopathy Brain Anti-thyroid (TPO, Tg) Probable Rare
Idiopathic Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases Central nervous system Varies Probable Varies by specific disease
Lambert–Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome Neuromuscular junction (affecting both CNS and PNS) Anti-VGCC Confirmed 0.5-2 per million
Multiple Sclerosis Central nervous system Unknown, but Oligoclonal bands often present in CSF Confirmed 90 per 100,000
Myasthenia Gravis Neuromuscular junction (affecting both CNS and PNS) Anti-AChR, anti-MuSK Confirmed 20 per 100,000
Neuromyelitis Optica (Devic's Disease) Optic nerves and spinal cord AQP4-IgG (NMO-IgG) Confirmed 0.5 - 4 per 100,000
Restless Legs Syndrome Central nervous system (thought to involve dopaminergic pathways) Unknown Uncertain 5-15% (more common in older adults)
Stiff-Person Syndrome Central nervous system Anti-GAD, anti-amphiphysin Confirmed Rare
Sydenham's Chorea Brain Anti-basal ganglia Confirmed Rare (linked to Group A streptococcal infection)
Transverse Myelitis Spinal cord Various, including anti-AQP4 Probable 1-8 per million

Endocrine system[edit]

Autoimmune Disorder Primary Organ/Body Part Affected Autoantibodies Acceptance as an Autoimmune Disorder Prevalence Rate (US) Cit.
Addison's disease Adrenal glands 21-hydroxylase antibodies Confirmed 0.93-1.4 per 10,000
Autoimmune oophoritis Ovaries Anti-ovarian antibodies Probable Rare
Autoimmune orchitis Testes Anti-sperm antibodies Probable Rare
Autoimmune pancreatitis Pancreas IgG4, Anti-CA2 antibodies Confirmed 0.82-1.3 per 100,000
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) Multiple endocrine organs Various autoantibodies depending on the organs affected Confirmed 1 in 100,000 to 200,000
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2 (APS2) Multiple endocrine organs Various autoantibodies depending on the organs affected Confirmed 1 in 20,000
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 3 (APS3) Multiple endocrine organs Various autoantibodies depending on the organs affected Confirmed Rare
Diabetes mellitus type 1 Pancreas Anti-insulin, anti-IA-2, anti-GAD, anti-ZnT8 antibodies Confirmed 1.6 per 1,000
Endometriosis Endometrium Anti-endometrial antibodies Probable 6-10% of women of reproductive age
Graves' disease Thyroid gland TSI, TPO, TG antibodies Confirmed 1.2% of the population
Hashimoto's thyroiditis Thyroid gland TPO, TG antibodies Confirmed 5% of the population
Ord's thyroiditis Thyroid gland TPO, TG antibodies Confirmed Rare
Sjögren syndrome Exocrine glands (salivary and lacrimal glands) Anti-SSA/Ro, Anti-SSB/La antibodies Confirmed 0.1-4% of the population

Respiratory system[edit]

Autoimmune disorder Primary organ/body part affected Autoantibodies Acceptance as an autoimmune disorder Prevalence rate (US) Cit.
Asthma Lungs None specific Probable 7.7% (adults), 8.4% (children)
Goodpasture syndrome Lungs and kidneys Anti-GBM antibodies Confirmed Extremely rare
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis Lungs, heart, and other organs Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), specific IgG4 to eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) Confirmed 10.7 - 14 per million
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis Lungs, kidneys, and other organs Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) Confirmed 3 in 100,000
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Lungs None specific Possible 20 per 100,000 (men), 13 per 100,000 (women)
Interstitial lung disease Lungs Depends on the subtype (e.g. Anti-Jo1 in Anti-synthetase syndrome) Probable 31.5 per 100,000 (men), 26.1 per 100,000 (women)
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis Lungs Anti-GM-CSF antibodies Confirmed 6.2 per million
Rheumatoid lung disease Lungs Rheumatoid factor, Anti-CCP antibodies Confirmed Part of RA prevalence (about 1%)
Sarcoidosis Lungs and other organs None specific Confirmed 10 - 40 per 100,000

Blood[edit]

Autoimmune disorder Autoantibodies Acceptance as an autoimmune disorder Prevalence rate (US) Cit.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Anti-red blood cell antibodies Confirmed 1-3 per 100,000
Immune thrombocytopenia Anti-platelet antibodies Confirmed 3.3 per 100,000 (adults), 50 per 100,000 (children)
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura ADAMTS13 autoantibodies Confirmed 1-2 per million
Antiphospholipid syndrome Antiphospholipid antibodies Confirmed 40-50 per 100,000
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria None specific, mutation causes self-cells to become susceptible to attack Possible 1-2 per million

Reproductive system[edit]

The reproductive system is responsible for the production and regulation of sex hormones, the formation of germ cells, and the nurturing of fertilized eggs. In women, it includes structures such as ovaries, fallopian tubes, a uterus, and a vagina, while in men, it includes testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and the penis. Autoimmune diseases of the reproductive system can affect both male and female fertility and reproductive health.

Autoimmune disorder Primary organ/body part affected Autoantibodies Acceptance as an autoimmune disorder Prevalence rate (US) Cit.
Autoimmune orchitis Testes Anti-sperm antibodies Probable Not well established [37]
Autoimmune oophoritis Ovaries Anti-ovarian antibodies Probable Not well established [38]
Endometriosis Uterus, ovaries, and pelvic tissue Various, including anti-endometrial antibodies Probable Approx. 10% of women of reproductive age [39]
Premature ovarian failure Ovaries Anti-ovarian antibodies, Anti-adrenal antibodies Confirmed 1% of women under 40 years [40]

Eyes[edit]

Autoimmune condition Primary organ/body part affected Autoantibodies Acceptance as an autoimmune disorder Prevalence rate (US) Cit.
Autoimmune retinopathy Retina Various Confirmed
Autoimmune uveitis Uvea Various Confirmed
Cogan syndrome Inner ear and eye None specific Probable
Graves' ophthalmopathy Eye muscles and connective tissue TSH receptor antibodies Confirmed
Intermediate uveitis Uvea (pars plana) Various Probable
Ligneous conjunctivitis Conjunctiva Plasminogen deficiency Possible Rare
Mooren's ulcer Cornea None specific Probable Rare
Neuromyelitis optica Optic nerve and spinal cord Anti-AQP4 Confirmed
Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome Central nervous system, eye movement control Anti-neuronal antibodies Probable
Optic neuritis Optic nerve Various Confirmed
Scleritis Sclera Various Possible
Susac's syndrome Retina, cochlea, and brain None specific Probable
Sympathetic ophthalmia Uveal tract Various Probable Rare
Tolosa–Hunt syndrome Orbit None specific Possible Rare

Ears[edit]

Autoimmune disorder Primary organ/body part affected Autoantibodies Acceptance as an autoimmune disorder Prevalence rate (US) Cit.
Autoimmune inner ear disease

Vascular system[edit]

These autoimmune diseases are associated with various forms of vasculitis, an inflammation of blood vessels.

Autoimmune Disorder
Behçet's disease
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA)
Giant cell arteritis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
IgA vasculitis (IgAV)
Kawasaki disease
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis
Lupus vasculitis
Rheumatoid vasculitis
Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Urticarial vasculitis
Vasculitis

Muscle[edit]

These autoimmune diseases are primarily associated with the muscles and neuromuscular function.

Autoimmune Disorder
Dermatomyositis
Fibromyalgia
Inclusion body myositis
Myositis
Myasthenia gravis
Neuromyotonia
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration
Polymyositis

Connective tissue and systemic[edit]

These autoimmune diseases are associated with connective tissue and systemic manifestations.

Autoimmune Disorder
Adiposis dolorosa
Adult-onset Still's disease
Ankylosing spondylitis
CREST syndrome
Drug-induced lupus
Enthesitis-related arthritis
Eosinophilic fasciitis
Felty syndrome
IgG4-related disease
Juvenile arthritis
Lyme disease (chronic)
Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD)
Palindromic rheumatism
Parry–Romberg syndrome
Parsonage–Turner syndrome
Psoriatic arthritis
Reactive arthritis
Relapsing polychondritis
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Rheumatic fever
Rheumatoid arthritis
Sarcoidosis
Schnitzler syndrome
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD)

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

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