List of mammals of North America: Difference between revisions

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:(selected only taxa found in the USA, the data is current as of March 28, 2014<ref name="ESA" />)
:(selected only taxa found in the USA, the data is current as of March 28, 2014<ref name="ESA" />)


==[[Didelphimorphia]]==
==[[Didelphimorphia|Possums]]==


===[[Didelphidae]]===
===[[Didelphidae]]===
*[[Virginia opossum]], ''Didelphis virginiana'' {{refn|group=n|name=b|<br />Baker et al. 2003,<ref name="MTTU" /> Kays <nowiki>&amp;</nowiki> Wilson 2002,<ref name="KW02" /> North American Mammals NMNH SI,<ref name="MNH" /> Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),<ref name="MSW3" /> IUCN Red List.<ref name="IUCNs" />}}{{refn|group=n|[[Virginia opossum]], ''Didelphis virginiana'': Burt <nowiki>&amp;</nowiki> Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)<ref name="Pet76" /> - as Opossum, ''[[Common opossum|D. marsupialis]]'' (merged [[Mexico|Mexican]], ''D. marsupialis'' and ''D. virginiana'').}} {{IUCN status|LC|40502}}
*[[Virginia opossum]], ''Didelphis virginiana'' {{refn|group=n|name=b|<br />Baker et al. 2003,<ref name="MTTU" /> Kays <nowiki>&amp;</nowiki> Wilson 2002,<ref name="KW02" /> North American Mammals NMNH SI,<ref name="MNH" /> Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),<ref name="MSW3" /> IUCN Red List.<ref name="IUCNs" />}}{{refn|group=n|[[Virginia opossum]], ''Didelphis virginiana'': Burt <nowiki>&amp;</nowiki> Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)<ref name="Pet76" /> - as Opossum, ''[[Common opossum|D. marsupialis]]'' (merged [[Mexico|Mexican]], ''D. marsupialis'' and ''D. virginiana'').}} {{IUCN status|LC|40502}}


==[[Cingulata]]==
==[[Cingulata|Armadillos]]==


===[[Dasypodidae]]===
===[[Dasypodidae]]===
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*[[Holmesina|American giant armadillo]], ''Holmesina septentrionalis'' (E)
*[[Holmesina|American giant armadillo]], ''Holmesina septentrionalis'' (E)


==[[Pilosa]]==
==[[Pilosa|Sloths]]==


===[[Megalonychidae]]===
===[[Megalonychidae]]===
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*[[Mountain beaver]], ''Aplodontia rufa'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|1869}} (ssp. ''nigra'': {{ESA status|E}})
*[[Mountain beaver]], ''Aplodontia rufa'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|1869}} (ssp. ''nigra'': {{ESA status|E}})


===[[Castoridae]]===
===[[Castoridae|Beavers]]===
[[File:Castor canadensis.jpg|thumb|right|North American beaver]]
[[File:Castor canadensis.jpg|thumb|right|North American beaver]]
*[[North American beaver]], ''Castor canadensis'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|4003}}
*[[North American beaver]], ''Castor canadensis'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|4003}}
*[[Castoroides|Giant beaver]], ''Castoroides ohioensis'' <ref name="Haynes08" /> (E)
*[[Castoroides|Giant beaver]], ''Castoroides ohioensis'' <ref name="Haynes08" /> (E)


===[[Dipodidae]]===
===[[Dipodidae|Jumping mice]]===
*[[Woodland jumping mouse]], ''Napaeozapus insignis'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42612}}
*[[Woodland jumping mouse]], ''Napaeozapus insignis'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42612}}
*[[Meadow jumping mouse]], ''Zapus hudsonius'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42613}}<br />([[Zapus hudsonius preblei|Preble's meadow jumping mouse]], ''Z. h. preblei'': {{ESA status|T}})
*[[Meadow jumping mouse]], ''Zapus hudsonius'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|42613}}<br />([[Zapus hudsonius preblei|Preble's meadow jumping mouse]], ''Z. h. preblei'': {{ESA status|T}})
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*[[Pacific jumping mouse]], ''Zapus trinotatus'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|23192}}
*[[Pacific jumping mouse]], ''Zapus trinotatus'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|23192}}


===[[Erethizontidae]]===
===[[Erethizontidae|Porcupines]]===
*[[North American porcupine]], ''Erethizon dorsatum'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|8004}}
*[[North American porcupine]], ''Erethizon dorsatum'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|8004}}


===[[Caviidae]]===
===[[Caviidae|Capybaras]]===
*[[Neochoerus pinckneyi|North American capybara]], ''Neochoerus pinckneyi'' (E)
*[[Neochoerus pinckneyi|North American capybara]], ''Neochoerus pinckneyi'' (E)
*[[Neochoerus aesopi|Holmes's capybara]], ''Neochoerus aesopi'' (E)
*[[Neochoerus aesopi|Holmes's capybara]], ''Neochoerus aesopi'' (E)
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*[[Baja pocket mouse]], ''Chaetodipus rudinoris'' {{refn|group=n|name=d|Baker et al. 2003,<ref name="MTTU" /> North American Mammals NMNH SI,<ref name="MNH" /> Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),<ref name="MSW3" /> IUCN Red List.<ref name="IUCNs" />}} {{IUCN status|LC|136837}}
*[[Baja pocket mouse]], ''Chaetodipus rudinoris'' {{refn|group=n|name=d|Baker et al. 2003,<ref name="MTTU" /> North American Mammals NMNH SI,<ref name="MNH" /> Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),<ref name="MSW3" /> IUCN Red List.<ref name="IUCNs" />}} {{IUCN status|LC|136837}}


===[[Sciuridae]]===
===[[Sciuridae|Squirrels]]===
[[File:Eastern Grey Squirrel in St James's Park, London - Nov 2006 edit.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Eastern gray squirrel]]
[[File:Eastern Grey Squirrel in St James's Park, London - Nov 2006 edit.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Eastern gray squirrel]]
[[File:Cynomys ludovicianus.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Black-tailed prairie dog]]
[[File:Cynomys ludovicianus.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Black-tailed prairie dog]]
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*[[Marsh rice rat]], ''Oryzomys palustris'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|name=x6|Burt <nowiki>&amp;</nowiki> Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)<ref name="Pet76" /> - described separately as the nominative species but probably merged with another species.}} {{IUCN status|LC|42675}} (ssp. ''natator'': {{ESA status|E}})
*[[Marsh rice rat]], ''Oryzomys palustris'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|name=x6|Burt <nowiki>&amp;</nowiki> Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)<ref name="Pet76" /> - described separately as the nominative species but probably merged with another species.}} {{IUCN status|LC|42675}} (ssp. ''natator'': {{ESA status|E}})


==[[Lagomorpha|Lagomorphs]]==
==[[Lagomorpha|Rabbits and hares]]==


===[[Leporidae]]===
===[[Leporidae]]===
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*[[Giant pika]], ''Ochotona whartoni'' <ref name="Turvey09" /> (E)
*[[Giant pika]], ''Ochotona whartoni'' <ref name="Turvey09" /> (E)


==[[Eulipotyphla]]==
==[[Eulipotyphla|Moles and shrews]]==


===[[Talpidae]]===
===[[Talpidae]]===
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*[[Glacier Bay water shrew]], ''Sorex alaskanus'' {{refn|group=n|name=u|Baker et al. 2003,<ref name="MTTU" /> IUCN Red List.<ref name="IUCNs" />}} {{refn|group=n|name=x3}} {{IUCN status|DD|41384}}
*[[Glacier Bay water shrew]], ''Sorex alaskanus'' {{refn|group=n|name=u|Baker et al. 2003,<ref name="MTTU" /> IUCN Red List.<ref name="IUCNs" />}} {{refn|group=n|name=x3}} {{IUCN status|DD|41384}}


==[[Chiroptera]]==
==[[Chiroptera|Bats]]==


===[[Vespertilionidae]]===
===[[Vespertilionidae]]===
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*[[Enchisthenes hartii|Velvety fruit-eating bat]], ''Enchisthenes hartii'' {{refn|group=n|name=e}} {{IUCN status|LC|2130}}
*[[Enchisthenes hartii|Velvety fruit-eating bat]], ''Enchisthenes hartii'' {{refn|group=n|name=e}} {{IUCN status|LC|2130}}


==[[Carnivora]]==
==[[Carnivora|Carnivores]]==


===[[Felidae]]===
===[[Felidae|Felines]]===
[[File:Jaguar full.jpg|thumbnail|Jaguar]]
[[File:Jaguar full.jpg|thumbnail|Jaguar]]
*[[Jaguarundi]], ''Puma yagouaroundi'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|9948}}<br />([[Gulf Coast jaguarundi]], ''P. y. cacomitli'' and Sinaloan jauguarundi ''P. y. tolteca'': {{ESA status|E}})
*[[Jaguarundi]], ''Puma yagouaroundi'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|9948}}<br />([[Gulf Coast jaguarundi]], ''P. y. cacomitli'' and Sinaloan jauguarundi ''P. y. tolteca'': {{ESA status|E}})
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*[[Beringian cave lion]], ''Panthera leo spelaea'' (E)
*[[Beringian cave lion]], ''Panthera leo spelaea'' (E)


===[[Canidae]]===
===[[Canidae|Canines]]===
[[File:Canis lupus laying.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Gray wolf]]
[[File:Canis lupus laying.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Gray wolf]]
*[[Coyote]], ''Canis latrans'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|3745}}
*[[Coyote]], ''Canis latrans'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|3745}}
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*[[Dhole]], ''Cuon alpinus'' (Ex) {{IUCN status|EN|5953}} {{ESA status|E}}
*[[Dhole]], ''Cuon alpinus'' (Ex) {{IUCN status|EN|5953}} {{ESA status|E}}


===[[Ursidae]]===
===[[Ursidae|Bears]]===
*[[Brown bear]], ''Ursus arctos'' {{refn|group=n|[[Brown bear]], ''Ursus arctos'': Baker et al. 2003,<ref name="MTTU" /> Kays <nowiki>&amp;</nowiki> Wilson 2002,<ref name="KW02" /> North American Mammals NMNH SI,<ref name="MNH" /> Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),<ref name="MSW3" /> IUCN Red List.<ref name="IUCNs" /><br />Burt <nowiki>&amp;</nowiki> Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)<ref name="Pet76" /> - as 2 distinct species: [[grizzly bear]], ''U. horribilis'' and [[Kodiak bear]], ''U. middendorffi'', also distinct from the "worldwide" species ''U. arctos''.}} {{IUCN status|LC|41688}} (includes [[grizzly bear]], ''U. a. horribilis'': {{ESA status|T}}, {{ESA status|XN}} and<br />Alaskan brown bear or [[Kodiak bear]], ''U. a. middendorffi'')
*[[Brown bear]], ''Ursus arctos'' {{refn|group=n|[[Brown bear]], ''Ursus arctos'': Baker et al. 2003,<ref name="MTTU" /> Kays <nowiki>&amp;</nowiki> Wilson 2002,<ref name="KW02" /> North American Mammals NMNH SI,<ref name="MNH" /> Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),<ref name="MSW3" /> IUCN Red List.<ref name="IUCNs" /><br />Burt <nowiki>&amp;</nowiki> Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)<ref name="Pet76" /> - as 2 distinct species: [[grizzly bear]], ''U. horribilis'' and [[Kodiak bear]], ''U. middendorffi'', also distinct from the "worldwide" species ''U. arctos''.}} {{IUCN status|LC|41688}} (includes [[grizzly bear]], ''U. a. horribilis'': {{ESA status|T}}, {{ESA status|XN}} and<br />Alaskan brown bear or [[Kodiak bear]], ''U. a. middendorffi'')
*[[American black bear]], ''Ursus americanus'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41687}} {{ESA status|T(S/A)}}<br />(Louisiana Black Bear ''U. a. luteolus'': {{ESA status|T}})
*[[American black bear]], ''Ursus americanus'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41687}} {{ESA status|T(S/A)}}<br />(Louisiana Black Bear ''U. a. luteolus'': {{ESA status|T}})
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*[[Ring-tailed cat|Ringtail]], ''Bassariscus astutus'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41680}}
*[[Ring-tailed cat|Ringtail]], ''Bassariscus astutus'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|LC|41680}}


===[[Mustelidae]]===
===[[Mustelidae|Mustelids]]===
[[File:LutraCanadensis fullres.jpg|thumb|right|200px|River otter]]
[[File:LutraCanadensis fullres.jpg|thumb|right|200px|River otter]]
*[[Sea otter]], ''Enhydra lutris'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|EN|7750}} (ssp. ''nereis'' and ''kenyoni'': {{ESA status|T}}, ssp. ''nereis'' also {{ESA status|XN}})
*[[Sea otter]], ''Enhydra lutris'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|EN|7750}} (ssp. ''nereis'' and ''kenyoni'': {{ESA status|T}}, ssp. ''nereis'' also {{ESA status|XN}})
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*[[Brachyprotoma obtusata|Short-faced skunk]], ''Brachyprotoma obtusata'' (E)
*[[Brachyprotoma obtusata|Short-faced skunk]], ''Brachyprotoma obtusata'' (E)


===[[Otariidae]]===
===[[Otariidae|Eared seals]]===
*[[Northern fur seal]], ''Callorhinus ursinus'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|VU|3590}}
*[[Northern fur seal]], ''Callorhinus ursinus'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|VU|3590}}
*[[Guadalupe fur seal]], ''Arctocephalus townsendi'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|[[Guadalupe fur seal]], ''Arctocephalus townsendi'': Burt <nowiki>&amp;</nowiki> Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)<ref name="Pet76" /> - as Guadalupe fur seal ''[[Juan Fernández fur seal|A. philippi]]'', formerly ''A. townsendi''.}} {{IUCN status|NT|2061}} {{ESA status|T}}
*[[Guadalupe fur seal]], ''Arctocephalus townsendi'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}}{{refn|group=n|[[Guadalupe fur seal]], ''Arctocephalus townsendi'': Burt <nowiki>&amp;</nowiki> Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)<ref name="Pet76" /> - as Guadalupe fur seal ''[[Juan Fernández fur seal|A. philippi]]'', formerly ''A. townsendi''.}} {{IUCN status|NT|2061}} {{ESA status|T}}
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*[[Walrus]], ''Odobenus rosmarus'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|DD|15106}}
*[[Walrus]], ''Odobenus rosmarus'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|DD|15106}}


===[[Phocidae]]===
===[[Phocidae|Earless Seals]]===
[[File:Seehund.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Harbor seal]]
[[File:Seehund.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Harbor seal]]
*[[Caribbean monk seal]], ''Monachus tropicalis'' {{refn|group=n|name=k|Baker et al. 2003,<ref name="MTTU" /> Burt <nowiki>&amp;</nowiki> Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),<ref name="Pet76" /> Kays <nowiki>&amp;</nowiki> Wilson 2002,<ref name="KW02" /> Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),<ref name="MSW3" /> IUCN Red List.<ref name="IUCNs" />}} (E) {{IUCN status|EX|13655}}
*[[Caribbean monk seal]], ''Monachus tropicalis'' {{refn|group=n|name=k|Baker et al. 2003,<ref name="MTTU" /> Burt <nowiki>&amp;</nowiki> Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),<ref name="Pet76" /> Kays <nowiki>&amp;</nowiki> Wilson 2002,<ref name="KW02" /> Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),<ref name="MSW3" /> IUCN Red List.<ref name="IUCNs" />}} (E) {{IUCN status|EX|13655}}
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==[[Perissodactyla]]==
==[[Perissodactyla]]==


===[[Equidae]]===
===[[Equidae|Horses]]===
*Equus species ''Equus'' sp. (E)
*Equus species ''Equus'' sp. (E)
*[[Tarpan]], ''Equus ferus ferus'' (E)
*[[Tarpan]], ''Equus ferus ferus'' (E)
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*[[Equus occidentalis|Western horse]], ''Equus occidentalis'' (E)
*[[Equus occidentalis|Western horse]], ''Equus occidentalis'' (E)


===[[Tapiridae]]===
===[[Tapiridae|Tapirs]]===
*[[Tapirus copei|Cope's tapir]], ''Tapirus copei'' (E)
*[[Tapirus copei|Cope's tapir]], ''Tapirus copei'' (E)
*[[Tapirus californicus|California tapir]], ''Tapirus californicus'' (E)
*[[Tapirus californicus|California tapir]], ''Tapirus californicus'' (E)
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*[[Mylohyus|Long-nosed peccary]], ''Mylohyus nasutus'' <ref name="Haynes08" /> (E)
*[[Mylohyus|Long-nosed peccary]], ''Mylohyus nasutus'' <ref name="Haynes08" /> (E)


===[[Bovidae]]===
===[[Bovidae|Bovines]]===
[[File:American bison k5680-1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|American bison]]
[[File:American bison k5680-1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|American bison]]
*[[American bison]], ''Bison bison'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|NT|2815}} ([[Bison bison athabascae|Wood bison]], ''B. b. athabascae'': {{ESA status|T}})
*[[American bison]], ''Bison bison'' {{refn|group=n|name=a}} {{IUCN status|NT|2815}} ([[Bison bison athabascae|Wood bison]], ''B. b. athabascae'': {{ESA status|T}})
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*[[Monodon monoceros|Narwhal]], ''Monodon monoceros'' {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|NT|13704}}
*[[Monodon monoceros|Narwhal]], ''Monodon monoceros'' {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|NT|13704}}


====[[Porpoise|Phocoenidae]]====
====[[Phocoenidae|Porpoise]]====
*[[Harbor porpoise]], ''Phocoena phocoena'' {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|17027}}
*[[Harbor porpoise]], ''Phocoena phocoena'' {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|17027}}
*[[Dall's porpoise]], ''Phocoenoides dalli'' {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|17032}}
*[[Dall's porpoise]], ''Phocoenoides dalli'' {{refn|group=n|name=c}} {{IUCN status|LC|17032}}

Revision as of 01:43, 25 September 2018

This is a list of North American mammals. It includes all mammals currently found in North America north of Mexico, whether resident or as migrants. A list of Mexican mammals can be found here. This article does not include species found only in captivity. Mammal species which became extinct in the last 10,000 to 13,000 years are also included in this article. Each species is listed, with its binomial name. Most established introduced species occurring across multiple states and provinces are also noted.

Some species are identified as indicated below:

  • (A) = Accidental occurrence based on one or a few records, and unlikely to occur regularly.
  • (E) = Extinct; any member of the fauna that died out between 13,000 years ago to present times.
  • (Ex) = Extirpated; no longer occurs in area of interest, but other populations still exist elsewhere.
  • (I) = Introduced population established solely as result of direct or indirect human intervention; synonymous with non-native and non-indigenous.
IUCN conservation statusesExtinctionExtinctionExtinct in the wildCritically EndangeredEndangered speciesVulnerable speciesNear ThreatenedThreatened speciesLeast ConcernLeast Concern
Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.

Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

EX - Extinct, EW - Extinct in the Wild
CR - Critically Endangered, EN - Endangered, VU - Vulnerable
NT - Near Threatened, LC - Least Concern
DD - Data Deficient, NE - Not Evaluated
(v. 2013.2, the data is current as of March 5, 2014[1])

and Endangered Species Act:

E - endangered, T - threatened
XN, XE - experimental non essential or essential population
E(S/A), T(S/A) - endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance
(selected only taxa found in the USA, the data is current as of March 28, 2014[2])

Possums

Didelphidae

Armadillos

Dasypodidae

Chlamyphoridae

Pampatheriidae

Sloths

Megalonychidae

Jefferson's ground sloth

Megatheriidae

Mylodontidae

Nothrotheriidae

Rodents

Aplodontiidae

Beavers

North American beaver

Jumping mice

Porcupines

Capybaras

Geomyidae

There has been much debate among taxonomists about which races of pocket gopher should be recognized as full species, and the following list cannot be regarded as definitive.

Botta's pocket gopher

Heteromyidae

Ord's kangaroo rat

Squirrels

Eastern gray squirrel
Black-tailed prairie dog
Woodchuck
Golden-mantled ground squirrel
Eastern chipmunk

Muroidea

There has been much debate among taxonomists about which races of mice and voles should be recognized as full species, and the following list cannot be regarded as definitive.

Meadow vole
Muskrat
Deer mouse
Cactus mouse

Rabbits and hares

Leporidae

Black-tailed jackrabbit

Ochotonidae

Moles and shrews

Talpidae

Star-nosed mole

Soricidae

Short-tailed shrew
Cinerous shrew

Bats

Vespertilionidae

Indiana bat
Mexican long-nosed bat

Molossidae

Antrozoidae

Mormoopidae

Phyllostomidae

Carnivores

Felines

Jaguar

Canines

Gray wolf

Bears

Procyonidae

Mustelids

River otter

Mephitidae

Eared seals

Odobenidae

Earless Seals

Harbor seal

Perissodactyla

Horses

Tapirs

Artiodactyla

Camelidae

Tayassuidae

Bovines

American bison

Cervidae

Antilocapridae

Cetacea

Delphinidae (Oceanic dolphins)

Killer whales, Orcinus orca
near Unimak Island,
eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska

Monodontidae

Porpoise

Kogiidae

Physeteridae

Ziphiidae (Beaked whales)

Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus

Eschrichtiidae

Balaenopteridae (Rorquals)

Balaenidae

Sirenia (Sea cows)

Manatee, Trichechus manatus
Crystal River, Florida

Trichechidae

  • West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus [n 3] VU E
    (ssp. manatus - Antillean or Caribbean manatee: EN, ssp. latirostris - Florida manatee: EN)

Dugongidae

Proboscidea

Physical reconstruction of a mammoth and a mastodon.

Elephantidae

Mammutidae

Introduced Animals

Myocastoridae

Muroidea

Leporidae

Cercopithecidae

Felidae

Herpestidae

Canidae

Mustelidae

Equidae

Suidae

Bovidae

Cervidae

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc
    Baker et al. 2003,[3] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
  2. ^ Virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - as Opossum, D. marsupialis (merged Mexican, D. marsupialis and D. virginiana).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj
    Baker et al. 2003,[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - mentioned only in the description of another species as possible split.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - described separately as the nominative species but merged with another species.
  6. ^ Texas pocket gopher, Geomys personatus: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
    Baker et al. 2003,[3] - as 2 distinct species: Texas Pocket Gopher G. personatus and Strecker's Pocket Gopher G. streckeri.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Baker et al. 2003,[3] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
    Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - described as the nominative species and 1 or 2 additional distinct species.
  8. ^ a b Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[6] and IUCN Red List,[7] also probably North American Mammals NMNH SI[5] and Baker et al. 2003[3] - Dipodomys elephantinus merged with D. venustus as D. venustus elephantinus.
  9. ^ Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002.[4]
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Baker et al. 2003,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
  11. ^ Mexican fox squirrel, Sciurus nayaritensis: Baker et al. 2003,[3] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
    Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - only as Apache fox squirrel S. apache.
  12. ^ a b c Baker et al. 2003,[3] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] IUCN Red List.[7]
  13. ^ a b Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - range not clear because described separately as the nominative species but merged with another species.
  14. ^ a b c d e f Baker et al. 2003,[3] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] IUCN Red List.[7]
  15. ^ a b Mexican vole, Microtus mexicanus:
    Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List[7] - M. mexicanus.
    Baker et al. 2003,[3] Kays & Wilson 2002[4] - only M. mogollonensis.
    North American Mammals NMNH SI[5] - M. mexicanus listed, but only M. mexicanus mogollensis (Arizona and New Mexico) described in "Mexican Vole (Microtus mexicanus)" chapter.
    IUCN Red List[7] - M. mexicanus sometimes split in two species: M. mexicanus and M. mogollonensis.[10][11]
    12 subspecies are recognized, 4 occur in the USA (1991[12]), Hualapai Mexican vole M. m. hualpaiensis is listed as endangered (E) under the Endangered Species Act.[2][12]
  16. ^ Northern collared lemming, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus: Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
    Baker et al. 2003[3] - as 3 distinct species: Peary Land collared lemming D. groenlandicus, Bering collared lemming D. rubricatus and Victoria collared lemming D. kilangmiutak
    Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] - described separately as the nominative species but merged with D. exsul.
  17. ^ Nelson's collared lemming, Dicrostonyx nelsoni: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
    Baker et al. 2003[3] - as 2 distinct species: Nelson's collared lemming D. nelsoni and St. Lawrence Island collared lemming D. exsul.
    Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] - mentioned only in the description of D. groenlandicus as possible split (D. exsul).
  18. ^ a b c d e Baker et al. 2003,[3] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
  19. ^ Northern rock mouse, Peromyscus nasutus: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - mentioned only in the description of rock mouse, Peromyscus difficilis that P. difficilis was formerly known as P. nasuts, so range is not clear because these species are merged here.
  20. ^ a b Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - described separately as the nominative species but probably merged with another species.
  21. ^ a b c d e f Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
  22. ^ a b c Baker et al. 2003,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] IUCN Red List.[7]
  23. ^ Long-tailed shrew, Sorex dispar: IUCN Red List.[7]

    Baker et al. 2003,[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] North American Mammals NMNH SI[5]
    - as 2 distinct species: longtail/long-tailed shrew S. dispar and Gaspé shrew S. gaspensis.
  24. ^ Gaspé shrew, Sorex gaspensis: Baker et al. 2003,[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] North American Mammals NMNH SI[5]
  25. ^ North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] IUCN Red List.[7]
  26. ^ Baker et al. 2003,[3] IUCN Red List.[7]
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Baker et al. 2003,[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] IUCN Red List.[7]
  28. ^ Southwestern myotis, Myotis auriculus: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - mentioned only in the description of long-eared myotis, M. evotis as possible split, occurring in southern N. Mexico.
  29. ^ a b North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
  30. ^ Baker et al. 2003,[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
  31. ^ Velvety free-tailed bat: Baker et al. 2003,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
    Kays & Wilson 2002[4] - it is believed that colonies found in buildings in the Florida Keys were members of Molossidae.
  32. ^ Prinstine mustached bat: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[6] - possibly Florida.
    Extinct at the end of Pleistocene - in the USA found in Rancholabrean cave deposits in southern Florida (Monkey Jungle Hammock).[17]
  33. ^ Lesser long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae: Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
    Baker et al. 2003[3] - as southern long-nosed bat L. curasoae (L. yerbabuenae was included[18] in L. curasoae as a subspecies[19]).
    Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - mentioned only in the description of L. nivalis under the junior synonym[18] L. sanborni as possible split, so range is not clear here.
  34. ^ Margay: Baker et al. 2003,[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3).[6]
    Kays & Wilson 2002:[4] last record in Texas from 1852.[4]
  35. ^ Baker et al. 2003,[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] IUCN Red List.[7]
  36. ^ Red fox, Vulpes vulpes: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - as North American V. fulva distinct from the Old World species V. vulpes.
  37. ^ Brown bear, Ursus arctos: Baker et al. 2003,[3] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
    Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - as 2 distinct species: grizzly bear, U. horribilis and Kodiak bear, U. middendorffi, also distinct from the "worldwide" species U. arctos.
  38. ^ Wolverine, Gulo gulo: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - as North American G. luscus distinct from the Old World species G. gulo.
  39. ^ Least weasel, Mustela nivalis: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - as North American M. rixosa distinct from the Old World species M. nivalis.
  40. ^ American hog-nosed skunk, Conepatus leuconotus: Baker et al. 2003,[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
    Kays & Wilson 2002[4] - as 2 distinct species: eastern hog-nosed skunk C. leuconotus and western hog-nosed skunk C. mesoleucus.
  41. ^ Guadalupe fur seal, Arctocephalus townsendi: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - as Guadalupe fur seal A. philippi, formerly A. townsendi.
  42. ^ a b Baker et al. 2003,[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
  43. ^ Elk, Cervus canadensis: Baker et al. 2003,[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] North American Mammals NMNH SI[5] (species list from the database).
    Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI[5] (Field Guide), Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List[7] - as "worldwide" C. elaphus (not North American C. canadensis.)
  44. ^ Caribou, Rangifer tarandus: Baker et al. 2003,[3] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
    Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - as 3 distinct species: woodland caribou, R. caribou, barren-ground caribou, R. arcticus and Greenland caribou R. tarandus.
  45. ^ Moose, Alces americanus: North American Mammals NMNH SI,[5] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] - as North American A. americanus (distinct from Eurasian elk A. alces).

    Alces alces: IUCN Red List,[7] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002.[4]
  46. ^ Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] IUCN Red List.[7]
  47. ^ Pygmy beaked whale: Kays & Wilson 2002:[4] one record in North America, Division of Mammals Collections NMNH SI:[23] two strandings in California (2001 and 2012).
  48. ^ Baker et al. 2003,[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] IUCN Red List.[7]
  49. ^ a b Baker et al. 2003,[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002.[4]
  50. ^ Polynesian rat[26][27]
  51. ^ House mouse: Baker et al. 2003,[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] IUCN Red List.[7]
    Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[6] - only general range description.
  52. ^ Baker et al. 2003,[3] Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[8] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
  53. ^ European rabbit: Baker et al. 2003.[3]
    Kays & Wilson 2002[4] - range not clear (islands on Pacific Coast).
    Introduced to Hawaii.[28]
  54. ^ Feral cat: Baker et al. 2003[3] - feral cat Felis catus, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[6] - Wildcat, F. silvestris.
  55. ^ Baker et al. 2003[3] - Feral dog, Canis familiaris, Kays & Wilson 2002[4] - packs of feral domestic dogs C. familiaris.
  56. ^ Baker et al. 2003[3] - Feral horse, Equus caballus, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[6] - Horse Equus ferus - feral.
  57. ^ Baker et al. 2003,[3] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3).[6]
  58. ^ Sus scrofa: Baker et al. 2003[3] - feral pig or wild boar, Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[8] - wild boar (Swine), Kays & Wilson 2002[4] - wild boar, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[6] - wild boar - feral populations, IUCN Red List[7] - wild boar - introduced.
  59. ^ a b c d e f Baker et al. 2003,[3] Kays & Wilson 2002,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[6] IUCN Red List.[7]
  60. ^ Nilgai - semi-free-ranging[40]/free-ranging.[41]
  61. ^ Feral cattle: Baker et al. 2003[3] - domestic cattle Bos taurus, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[6] - aurochs, B. taurus - feral populations.
    For example feral cattle in Hawaii.[42][43]
  62. ^ Gemsbok - free ranging.[44][45]
  63. ^ Blackbuck - free ranging.[40][41][45][46]
  64. ^ Barbary sheep - free ranging.[40][41]
  65. ^ Feral goat: Baker et al. 2003[3] - goat Capra hircus, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[6] - goat C. hircus - feral populations (USA).
    Goat - free-ranging, Hawaii.[47]
  66. ^ Bezoar ibex - free-ranging: Florida Mountains near Deming New Mexico.[45]
  67. ^ Mouflon: Baker et al. 2003[3] - European mouflon sheep Ovis aries, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[6] - red sheep Ovis aries - mouflon introduced, improved domestic stock feral.
    Feral sheep - free-ranging - Hawaii[47] and Texas.[48]
  68. ^ Red deer, elaphus division (not canadensis division) - introduced i.e. to USA.[6]
  69. ^ Chital - free-ranging.[40]
  70. ^ Sambar - free ranging.[41]

References

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  • Nowak, Ronald M. Walker's Mammals of the World (6th ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9.

Further reading

  • Kays, Roland W.; Wilson, Don E. (2002). Mammals of North America. Illustrated by Sandra Doyle, Nancy Halliday, Ron Klingner, Elizabeth McClelland, Consie Powell, Wendy Smith, Todd Zalewski, Diane Gibbons, Susan C. Morse, Jesse Guertin. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-07012-1.
  • Burt, William Henry (Text and Maps); Grossenheider, Richard Philip (Illustrations) (1976). A Field Guide to the Mammals. North America north of Mexico. Peterson Field Guides (Third ed.). Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-91098-6.
  • Robert J. Baker; Lisa C. Bradley; Robert D. Bradley; Jerry W. Dragoo; Mark D. Engstrom; Robert S. Hoffmann; Cheri A. Jones; Fiona Reid; Dale W. Rice; Clyde Jones (1 December 2003). "Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 2003" (PDF). Occasional Papers (229). Museum of Texas Tech University. ISSN 0149-175X. Retrieved 9 March 2014. {{cite journal}}: External link in |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

External links

Lists of Western Hemisphere mammals from north to south

List of mammals of Greenland

List of mammals of Mexico

List of mammals of Antarctica

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