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Coordinates: 52°10′N 20°48′E / 52.167°N 20.800°E / 52.167; 20.800
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===World War II===
===World War II===
The city had a large Jewish population before the Nazi–Soviet [[Invasion of Poland]]. In 1940, the [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|German occupation authorities]] established a [[Ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe|Jewish ghetto]] in Pruszków, in order to confine its [[History of the Jews in Poland|Jewish population]] for the purpose of persecution and exploitation.<ref name="holocaustchronicle">[http://www.holocaustchronicle.org/staticpages/176.html "The War Against The Jews."] ''The Holocaust Chronicle,'' 2009. Chicago, Il. Accessed June 21, 2011.</ref> The ghetto was liquidated on January 31, 1941, when all its 1,400<ref name="statistics">The statistical data compiled on the basis of [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/selectcity/ "Glossary of 2,077 Jewish towns in Poland"] by ''[[Virtual Shtetl]]'' [[Museum of the History of the Polish Jews]] &nbsp;{{En icon}}, as well as [http://www.izrael.badacz.org/historia/szoa_getto.html "Getta Żydowskie," by ''Gedeon'',] &nbsp;{{Pl icon}} and "Ghetto List" by Michael Peters at www.deathcamps.org/occupation/ghettolist.htm &nbsp;{{En icon}}. Accessed July 12, 2011.</ref>–3,000 inhabitants were transported in cattle trucks to [[Warsaw Ghetto]], the largest ghetto in all of Nazi occupied Europe with over 400,000 Jews crammed into an area of {{convert|1.3|sqmi|km2}}. From there, most victims were sent to [[Treblinka extermination camp]].<ref name="ushmm-5069">[http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005069 Warsaw Ghetto], [[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]] (USHMM), [[Washington, D.C.]]</ref><ref name="Lukas">[[Richard C. Lukas]], ''Out of the Inferno: Poles Remember the Holocaust'', University Press of Kentucky 1989 - 201 pages. Page 13; also in Richard C. Lukas, ''The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939-1944'', University Press of Kentucky, 1986, [https://books.google.ca/books?id=lz9obsxmuW4C&pg=PA13&dq=%22&sig=ACfU3U0SGgyvqSbL4bypepYoO_CbYc_N_w Google Print, p.13].</ref><ref name=GSP-JHEd>[[Gunnar S. Paulsson]], "The Rescue of Jews by Non-Jews in Nazi-Occupied Poland," ''Journal of Holocaust Education'', Vol.7, Nos.1&2, 1998, pp.19-44. Published by Frank Cass, London.</ref><ref name="ushmm-7445">Edward Victor, [http://www.edwardvictor.com/Holocaust/ghetto_home_main.htm "Ghettos and Other Jewish Communities."] ''Judaica Philatelic''. Accessed June 20, 2011.</ref>
The city had a large Jewish population before the Nazi–Soviet [[Invasion of Poland]]. In 1940, the [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|German occupation authorities]] established a [[Ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe|Jewish ghetto]] in Pruszków, in order to confine its [[History of the Jews in Poland|Jewish population]] for the purpose of persecution and exploitation.<ref name="holocaustchronicle">[http://www.holocaustchronicle.org/staticpages/176.html "The War Against The Jews."] ''The Holocaust Chronicle,'' 2009. Chicago, Il. Accessed June 21, 2011.</ref> The ghetto was liquidated on January 31, 1941, when all its 1,400<ref name="statistics">The statistical data compiled on the basis of [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/selectcity/ "Glossary of 2,077 Jewish towns in Poland"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208215116/http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/selectcity/ |date=8 February 2016 }} by ''[[Virtual Shtetl]]'' [[Museum of the History of the Polish Jews]] &nbsp;{{En icon}}, as well as [http://www.izrael.badacz.org/historia/szoa_getto.html "Getta Żydowskie," by ''Gedeon'',] &nbsp;{{Pl icon}} and "Ghetto List" by Michael Peters at www.deathcamps.org/occupation/ghettolist.htm &nbsp;{{En icon}}. Accessed July 12, 2011.</ref>–3,000 inhabitants were transported in cattle trucks to [[Warsaw Ghetto]], the largest ghetto in all of Nazi occupied Europe with over 400,000 Jews crammed into an area of {{convert|1.3|sqmi|km2}}. From there, most victims were sent to [[Treblinka extermination camp]].<ref name="ushmm-5069">[http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005069 Warsaw Ghetto], [[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]] (USHMM), [[Washington, D.C.]]</ref><ref name="Lukas">[[Richard C. Lukas]], ''Out of the Inferno: Poles Remember the Holocaust'', University Press of Kentucky 1989 - 201 pages. Page 13; also in Richard C. Lukas, ''The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939-1944'', University Press of Kentucky, 1986, [https://books.google.ca/books?id=lz9obsxmuW4C&pg=PA13&dq=%22&sig=ACfU3U0SGgyvqSbL4bypepYoO_CbYc_N_w Google Print, p.13].</ref><ref name=GSP-JHEd>[[Gunnar S. Paulsson]], "The Rescue of Jews by Non-Jews in Nazi-Occupied Poland," ''Journal of Holocaust Education'', Vol.7, Nos.1&2, 1998, pp.19-44. Published by Frank Cass, London.</ref><ref name="ushmm-7445">Edward Victor, [http://www.edwardvictor.com/Holocaust/ghetto_home_main.htm "Ghettos and Other Jewish Communities."] ''Judaica Philatelic''. Accessed June 20, 2011.</ref>
{{details|Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland}}
{{details|Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland}}
[[File:Pałacyk Sokoła 1867.jpg|thumb|left|''Pałacyk Sokoła'']]
[[File:Pałacyk Sokoła 1867.jpg|thumb|left|''Pałacyk Sokoła'']]
During the 1944 [[Warsaw Uprising]], the Nazis created a large transit camp (''[[Durchgangslager]]'') in Pruszków on the site of the Train Repair Shops (Zakłady Naprawcze Taboru Kolejowego) to intern the evacuees expelled from [[Warsaw|the capital]]. Around 550,000 Warsaw residents and approximately 100,000 more from its outskirts were incarcerated in the ''Durchgangslager 121'' (Dulag 121) set up for this purpose. The SS and Gestapo segregated the victims before transport. Approximately 650,000 Poles passed through the Pruszków camp in August, September and October 1944. Approximately 55,000 were sent to concentration camps, including 13,000 to [[Auschwitz]]. They included people from a variety of social classes and occupations (government officials, scholars, artists, physicians, merchants, and blue-collar workers), in varying physical conditions (the injured, the sick, invalids, and pregnant women), and of various ages from infants only a few weeks old to the elderly, aged 86 or more. In a few cases, these were also people of different ethnic backgrounds including Jews living on "Aryan papers."<ref name="auschwitz">''Księga Pamięci. Transporty Polaków z Warszawy do KL Auschwitz 1940-1944'' ([http://en.auschwitz.org.pl/m/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=398&Itemid=8 Memorial Book: Transports of Poles from Warsaw to Auschwitz Concentration Camp 1940-1944.] Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum. On the Sixtieth Anniversary of the Warsaw Uprising. Accessed July 13, 2011.</ref>
During the 1944 [[Warsaw Uprising]], the Nazis created a large transit camp (''[[Durchgangslager]]'') in Pruszków on the site of the Train Repair Shops (Zakłady Naprawcze Taboru Kolejowego) to intern the evacuees expelled from [[Warsaw|the capital]]. Around 550,000 Warsaw residents and approximately 100,000 more from its outskirts were incarcerated in the ''Durchgangslager 121'' (Dulag 121) set up for this purpose. The SS and Gestapo segregated the victims before transport. Approximately 650,000 Poles passed through the Pruszków camp in August, September and October 1944. Approximately 55,000 were sent to concentration camps, including 13,000 to [[Auschwitz]]. They included people from a variety of social classes and occupations (government officials, scholars, artists, physicians, merchants, and blue-collar workers), in varying physical conditions (the injured, the sick, invalids, and pregnant women), and of various ages from infants only a few weeks old to the elderly, aged 86 or more. In a few cases, these were also people of different ethnic backgrounds including Jews living on "Aryan papers."<ref name="auschwitz">''Księga Pamięci. Transporty Polaków z Warszawy do KL Auschwitz 1940-1944'' ([http://en.auschwitz.org.pl/m/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=398&Itemid=8 Memorial Book: Transports of Poles from Warsaw to Auschwitz Concentration Camp 1940-1944.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826085500/http://en.auschwitz.org.pl/m/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=398&Itemid=8 |date=26 August 2011 }} Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum. On the Sixtieth Anniversary of the Warsaw Uprising. Accessed July 13, 2011.</ref>


Following the [[Vistula–Oder Offensive|Soviet westward offensive]], on March 26, 1945, the 16 members of the Polish Underground Government were invited by the Russians for talks, to a house in Pruszków on Armii Krajowej Street. They were captured by the Soviet [[NKVD]] agents, transported to USSR, imprisoned, tortured and sentenced in Moscow during the so-called [[Trial of the Sixteen]].
Following the [[Vistula–Oder Offensive|Soviet westward offensive]], on March 26, 1945, the 16 members of the Polish Underground Government were invited by the Russians for talks, to a house in Pruszków on Armii Krajowej Street. They were captured by the Soviet [[NKVD]] agents, transported to USSR, imprisoned, tortured and sentenced in Moscow during the so-called [[Trial of the Sixteen]].
Line 83: Line 83:
*{{pl icon}} [http://www.pruszkow.pl/ Pruszków official website]
*{{pl icon}} [http://www.pruszkow.pl/ Pruszków official website]
*{{pl icon}} [http://www.alleypiast.waw.pl Alleycat races in Pruszków]
*{{pl icon}} [http://www.alleypiast.waw.pl Alleycat races in Pruszków]
*{{en icon}} [http://mshm.pl/index_en.php Museum of Ancient Mazovian Metallurgy]
*{{en icon}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20100830055927/http://www.mshm.pl/index_en.php Museum of Ancient Mazovian Metallurgy]
* [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/pruszkow/ Jewish Community in Pruszków] on Virtual Shtetl
* [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/pruszkow/ Jewish Community in Pruszków] on Virtual Shtetl


Revision as of 11:23, 29 November 2017

For other places with the same name, see Pruszków (disambiguation).

Pruszków
Central part of town
Central part of town
Flag of Pruszków
Flag
Coat of arms of Pruszków
Coat of arms
Motto(s): 
Kolej na Pruszków!
It's Pruszków's turn!
Pruszków is located in Poland
Pruszków
Pruszków
Coordinates: 52°10′N 20°48′E / 52.167°N 20.800°E / 52.167; 20.800
Country Poland
VoivodeshipMasovian
CountyPruszków County
GminaPruszków (urban gmina)
Established16th century
Town rights1916
Government
 • MayorJan Starzyński
Area
 • Total19.15 km2 (7.39 sq mi)
Population
 (2014)
 • Total60,068
 • Density3,100/km2 (8,100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
05-800, 05-802, 05-803,
05-804
Area code+48 22
Car platesWPR
Websitehttp://www.pruszkow.pl/

Pruszków [ˈpruʂkuf] ⓘ (English: Pruscow) is a city in central Poland, situated in the Masovian Voivodeship since 1999. It was previously in Warszawa Voivodeship (1975–1998). Pruszków is the capital of Pruszków County, located along the western edge of the Warsaw urban area. The town's population has grown significantly, from 16,000 in the early part of the 20th century to 60,068 in the 2014 census by the Central Statistical Office of Poland.[1][2] According to the 2004 census, Pruszków had a population of 54,893.

History

Fountain at the Museum of Ancient Masovian Metallurgy in Pruszków

Pruszków was incorporated as a town in 1916 following World War I, although a village has existed there since the 16th century. The development of the town was aided by the construction of the Warsaw-Vienna Railway in the 19th Century and the construction of the Elektryczna Kolej Dojazdowa (now Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa), Poland’s first electrified commuter train line, in 1927. A large psychiatric hospital opened in the outlying village of Tworki in 1891 and is still operating to this day.[3] During the World War I, a battle between German and Russian forces took place in Pruszków on 12–18 October 1914 (part of Battle of the Vistula River). Despite the initial success of the German forces on 12 October, they were push-backed out of town after successful Russian counter-attack on 14th. An intense artillery fire by both sides caused severe damages to many buildings in Pruszków including train station, power plant, and two churches. In August 1915 Pruszków was taken by the German forces without a fight.

World War II

The city had a large Jewish population before the Nazi–Soviet Invasion of Poland. In 1940, the German occupation authorities established a Jewish ghetto in Pruszków, in order to confine its Jewish population for the purpose of persecution and exploitation.[4] The ghetto was liquidated on January 31, 1941, when all its 1,400[5]–3,000 inhabitants were transported in cattle trucks to Warsaw Ghetto, the largest ghetto in all of Nazi occupied Europe with over 400,000 Jews crammed into an area of 1.3 square miles (3.4 km2). From there, most victims were sent to Treblinka extermination camp.[6][7][8][9]

Further information: Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland
Pałacyk Sokoła

During the 1944 Warsaw Uprising, the Nazis created a large transit camp (Durchgangslager) in Pruszków on the site of the Train Repair Shops (Zakłady Naprawcze Taboru Kolejowego) to intern the evacuees expelled from the capital. Around 550,000 Warsaw residents and approximately 100,000 more from its outskirts were incarcerated in the Durchgangslager 121 (Dulag 121) set up for this purpose. The SS and Gestapo segregated the victims before transport. Approximately 650,000 Poles passed through the Pruszków camp in August, September and October 1944. Approximately 55,000 were sent to concentration camps, including 13,000 to Auschwitz. They included people from a variety of social classes and occupations (government officials, scholars, artists, physicians, merchants, and blue-collar workers), in varying physical conditions (the injured, the sick, invalids, and pregnant women), and of various ages from infants only a few weeks old to the elderly, aged 86 or more. In a few cases, these were also people of different ethnic backgrounds including Jews living on "Aryan papers."[10]

Following the Soviet westward offensive, on March 26, 1945, the 16 members of the Polish Underground Government were invited by the Russians for talks, to a house in Pruszków on Armii Krajowej Street. They were captured by the Soviet NKVD agents, transported to USSR, imprisoned, tortured and sentenced in Moscow during the so-called Trial of the Sixteen.

After World War II, Pruszków became one of Masovia’s largest industrial centers. Due to its proximity to Warsaw, it is now home to several factories and companies, including Herbapol, Daewoo Electronics, L'Oréal Cosmetics as well as logistic centers. It is also an important sports center, with a sports gymnasium, soccer stadium and a cycling course. Since 2007 the local football team, Znicz Pruszków competed in the Polish First League (second division) for three seazons, but was moved to the Polish Second League (third division) in 2010. Robert Lewandowski played in Znicz since 2006 to 2008, while Jacek Gmoch, who was born in Pruszków in 1939, played in Znicz since 1953 to 1958.[11]

In Pruszków part of his childhood spent former Polish president, Bronisław Komorowski.

Tourism

BGŻ Arena indoor velodrome

Buildings and structures

256 metres tall chimney of former "Pruszków II Power Plant", now used as radio tower.

Education

  • Physical Culture and Tourism High School (Wyższa Szkoła Kultury Fizycznej i Turystyki)

Notable people

References

  1. ^ http://stat.gov.pl/files/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/5515/3/9/1/rocznik_demograficzny_2015.pdf
  2. ^ "Central Statistical Office (Poland), Ludność. Stan i struktura w przekroju terytorialnym" (PDF).
  3. ^ Tworki is an administrative part of Pruszków today
  4. ^ "The War Against The Jews." The Holocaust Chronicle, 2009. Chicago, Il. Accessed June 21, 2011.
  5. ^ The statistical data compiled on the basis of "Glossary of 2,077 Jewish towns in Poland" Archived 8 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine by Virtual Shtetl Museum of the History of the Polish Jews  Template:En icon, as well as "Getta Żydowskie," by Gedeon,  Template:Pl icon and "Ghetto List" by Michael Peters at www.deathcamps.org/occupation/ghettolist.htm  Template:En icon. Accessed July 12, 2011.
  6. ^ Warsaw Ghetto, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), Washington, D.C.
  7. ^ Richard C. Lukas, Out of the Inferno: Poles Remember the Holocaust, University Press of Kentucky 1989 - 201 pages. Page 13; also in Richard C. Lukas, The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939-1944, University Press of Kentucky, 1986, Google Print, p.13.
  8. ^ Gunnar S. Paulsson, "The Rescue of Jews by Non-Jews in Nazi-Occupied Poland," Journal of Holocaust Education, Vol.7, Nos.1&2, 1998, pp.19-44. Published by Frank Cass, London.
  9. ^ Edward Victor, "Ghettos and Other Jewish Communities." Judaica Philatelic. Accessed June 20, 2011.
  10. ^ Księga Pamięci. Transporty Polaków z Warszawy do KL Auschwitz 1940-1944 (Memorial Book: Transports of Poles from Warsaw to Auschwitz Concentration Camp 1940-1944. Archived 26 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum. On the Sixtieth Anniversary of the Warsaw Uprising. Accessed July 13, 2011.
  11. ^ "Bajka o Robercie Lewandowskim". Sport.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 14 February 2016.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pruszków.

52°10′N 20°48′E / 52.167°N 20.800°E / 52.167; 20.800


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