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Coordinates: 52°07′N 21°16′E / 52.117°N 21.267°E / 52.117; 21.267
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===World War II===
===World War II===
[[File:Otwock Jews - September 19, 1942.jpg|thumb|left|Layover yard in Otwock, September 19, 1942. In the distance, Jews sit on the ground overnight, while awaiting transport to [[Treblinka]] [[extermination camp]]. Clandestine photo]]
[[File:Otwock Jews - September 19, 1942.jpg|thumb|left|Layover yard in Otwock, September 19, 1942. In the distance, Jews sit on the ground overnight, while awaiting transport to [[Treblinka]] [[extermination camp]]. Clandestine photo]]
Following the Nazi–Soviet [[Invasion of Poland]] in December 1939, the German authorities established a [[Ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe|Jewish ghetto]] in Otwock. A murderous [[Action T4]] euthanasia program was carried out by the Nazis in the local [[Zofiówka Sanatorium]] for the psychiatric patients.<ref name="statistics">The statistical data compiled on the basis of [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/selectcity/ "Glossary of 2,077 Jewish towns in Poland"] by ''[[Virtual Shtetl]]'' [[Museum of the History of the Polish Jews]] &nbsp;{{En icon}}, as well as [http://www.izrael.badacz.org/historia/szoa_getto.html "Getta Żydowskie," by ''Gedeon'',] &nbsp;{{Pl icon}} and "Ghetto List" by Michael Peters at www.deathcamps.org/occupation/ghettolist.htm &nbsp;{{En icon}}. Accessed July 12, 2011.</ref> in order to confine its [[History of the Jews in Poland|Jewish population]] for the purpose of persecution and exploitation.<ref name="holocaustchronicle">[http://www.holocaustchronicle.org/staticpages/176.html "The War Against The Jews."] ''The Holocaust Chronicle,'' 2009. Chicago, Il. Accessed June 21, 2011.</ref> The Ghetto was liquidated between August and September 19, 1942, when 75% of its Jewish population of 12,000–15,000 numbering at around 8,000 were assembled by the [[Nazis]] at a layover yard in Otwock ''(pictured)'' and transported in cattle trucks to [[extermination camps]] in [[Treblinka extermination camp|Treblinka]] and [[Auschwitz]].<ref name="Bauman">Sabina Bauman, [http://www.linia.com.pl/public/article.php?1-5342-0 "Czwarty marsz" (The Fourth March of the Living)] ''Linia otwocka'' September 26, 2005.</ref> Jews who remained were summarily shot at Reymonta Street soon after.<ref name="SKPZO">[http://swidermajer.nazwa.pl/zo/dzk27.html Społeczny Komitet Pamięci Żydów Otwockich i Karczewskich - działania w latach 2002-2007] Sekcja terenowa Polskiej Rady Chrześcijan i Żydów (Otwock Branch of [http://prchiz.free.ngo.pl Poland’s Advisory of Christians and Jews]); Zbigniew Nosowski, President. &nbsp;{{Pl icon}}</ref>
Following the Nazi–Soviet [[Invasion of Poland]] in December 1939, the German authorities established a [[Ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe|Jewish ghetto]] in Otwock. A murderous [[Action T4]] euthanasia program was carried out by the Nazis in the local [[Zofiówka Sanatorium]] for the psychiatric patients.<ref name="statistics">The statistical data compiled on the basis of [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/selectcity/ "Glossary of 2,077 Jewish towns in Poland"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208215116/http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/selectcity/ |date=2016-02-08 }} by ''[[Virtual Shtetl]]'' [[Museum of the History of the Polish Jews]] &nbsp;{{En icon}}, as well as [http://www.izrael.badacz.org/historia/szoa_getto.html "Getta Żydowskie," by ''Gedeon'',] &nbsp;{{Pl icon}} and "Ghetto List" by Michael Peters at www.deathcamps.org/occupation/ghettolist.htm &nbsp;{{En icon}}. Accessed July 12, 2011.</ref> in order to confine its [[History of the Jews in Poland|Jewish population]] for the purpose of persecution and exploitation.<ref name="holocaustchronicle">[http://www.holocaustchronicle.org/staticpages/176.html "The War Against The Jews."] ''The Holocaust Chronicle,'' 2009. Chicago, Il. Accessed June 21, 2011.</ref> The Ghetto was liquidated between August and September 19, 1942, when 75% of its Jewish population of 12,000–15,000 numbering at around 8,000 were assembled by the [[Nazis]] at a layover yard in Otwock ''(pictured)'' and transported in cattle trucks to [[extermination camps]] in [[Treblinka extermination camp|Treblinka]] and [[Auschwitz]].<ref name="Bauman">Sabina Bauman, [http://www.linia.com.pl/public/article.php?1-5342-0 "Czwarty marsz" (The Fourth March of the Living)] ''Linia otwocka'' September 26, 2005.</ref> Jews who remained were summarily shot at Reymonta Street soon after.<ref name="SKPZO">[http://swidermajer.nazwa.pl/zo/dzk27.html Społeczny Komitet Pamięci Żydów Otwockich i Karczewskich - działania w latach 2002-2007] Sekcja terenowa Polskiej Rady Chrześcijan i Żydów (Otwock Branch of [http://prchiz.free.ngo.pl Poland’s Advisory of Christians and Jews]); Zbigniew Nosowski, President. &nbsp;{{Pl icon}}</ref>
{{further|Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland|The Holocaust in Poland|Timeline of Treblinka}}
{{further|Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland|The Holocaust in Poland|Timeline of Treblinka}}


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==External links==
==External links==
* {{pl icon}} [http://www.otwock.pl/ Town of Otwock, official website]
* {{pl icon}} [http://www.otwock.pl/ Town of Otwock, official website]
* {{pl icon}} [http://www.twojotwock.pl/ Otwock info site including local news]
* {{pl icon}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20080218151500/http://www.twojotwock.pl/ Otwock info site including local news]
* {{pl icon}} Młody Otwock - The Young Otwock [organization], [http://www.mlodyotwock.org/ Otwock culture. Events]
* {{pl icon}} Młody Otwock - The Young Otwock [organization], [http://www.mlodyotwock.org/ Otwock culture. Events]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{pl icon}} [http://www.galeriaotwock.waw.pl Otwock Photo Gallery]
* {{pl icon}} [http://www.galeriaotwock.waw.pl Otwock Photo Gallery]
* {{pl icon}} [http://ric.jalix.org/Galleries/?dir=Pologne/Otwock Photo gallery]
* {{pl icon}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040713163921/http://ric.jalix.org/Galleries/?dir=Pologne%2FOtwock Photo gallery]
* [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/otwock/ Jewish Community in Otwock] on Virtual Shtetl
* [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/otwock/ Jewish Community in Otwock] on Virtual Shtetl


Revision as of 11:23, 29 November 2017

Otwock
Świdermajer-styled house in Otwock
Świdermajer-styled house in Otwock
Coat of arms of Otwock
Coat of arms
Otwock is located in Poland
Otwock
Otwock
Coordinates: 52°7′N 21°16′E / 52.117°N 21.267°E / 52.117; 21.267
Country Poland
VoivodeshipMasovian
CountyOtwock County
GminaOtwock (urban gmina)
Established15th century
Town rights1916
Government
 • MayorZbigniew Szczepaniak
Area
 • Total47.33 km2 (18.27 sq mi)
Elevation
100 m (300 ft)
Population
 (2013)
 • Total45,044
 • Density950/km2 (2,500/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
05-400 to 05-402
Area code+48 022
Car platesWOT
Websitehttp://www.otwock.pl

Otwock [ˈɔtfɔt͡sk] ⓘ is a town in central Poland, some 23 kilometres (14 mi) southeast of Warsaw, with 42,765 inhabitants (2004). Otwock is a part of the Warsaw Agglomeration. It is situated on the right bank of Vistula River below the mouth of Swider River. Otwock is home to a unique architectural style called Swidermajer.

Otwock is situated in the Masovian Voivodship since 1999; previously, it was in Warszawa Voivodship (1975–1998). It is the capital of Otwock County. The town covers the area of 47 square kilometres (18 sq mi). Forested areas make up 23% of the territory.

History

"The Commandant" Józef Piłsudski with his legionaries in Otwock in 1915

Even though the first mention of a village called Otwosko comes from the early 15th century, Otwock did not fully develop until the second half of the 19th century, when in 1877 the Vistula River Railroad was opened, which ran from Mława via Warsaw, to Lublin and Chełm. Otwock, which is located along the line, became a popular suburb, with numerous spas and several notable guests, including Józef Piłsudski and Władysław Reymont, who wrote his Nobel prize-winning novel Chłopi there. In 1916, Otwock was incorporated as a town and became the seat of a powiat. In 1936 railway connection Warsaw - Otwock was electrified as the first rail line in Poland.

World War II

Layover yard in Otwock, September 19, 1942. In the distance, Jews sit on the ground overnight, while awaiting transport to Treblinka extermination camp. Clandestine photo

Following the Nazi–Soviet Invasion of Poland in December 1939, the German authorities established a Jewish ghetto in Otwock. A murderous Action T4 euthanasia program was carried out by the Nazis in the local Zofiówka Sanatorium for the psychiatric patients.[1] in order to confine its Jewish population for the purpose of persecution and exploitation.[2] The Ghetto was liquidated between August and September 19, 1942, when 75% of its Jewish population of 12,000–15,000 numbering at around 8,000 were assembled by the Nazis at a layover yard in Otwock (pictured) and transported in cattle trucks to extermination camps in Treblinka and Auschwitz.[3] Jews who remained were summarily shot at Reymonta Street soon after.[4]

Further information: Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland, The Holocaust in Poland, and Timeline of Treblinka

Otwock is the hometown of Irena Sendler (1910 – 2008), the Polish humanitarian who saved thousands of Jewish children during the Holocaust; as well as Krystyna Dańko, both awarded the titles of Righteous among the Nations by Yad Vashem. Writer Calel Perechodnik, a Jewish Ghetto Policeman from Otwock also hailed from this town. Following the liberation, a children's home for Holocaust survivors was established in Otwock.[5]

Economy

In 1958, Ewa, the first Polish nuclear reactor was activated in Swierk district of Otwock. A second research reactor, Maria, was brought online in 1974.

Otwock is home to a sports club Start Otwock (founded in 1924). The club is renowned for its weight-lifters such as Szymon Kołecki and Marcin Dołęga. Also, the Start Club's own prodigy is football forward Janusz Żmijewski who in the 1960s played for Legia Warszawa and the national team of Poland.

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Twin towns — Sister cities

Otwock is twinned with:

See also

  • Świdermajer - The characteristic architectural style of the area

References

  1. ^ The statistical data compiled on the basis of "Glossary of 2,077 Jewish towns in Poland" Archived 2016-02-08 at the Wayback Machine by Virtual Shtetl Museum of the History of the Polish Jews  Template:En icon, as well as "Getta Żydowskie," by Gedeon,  Template:Pl icon and "Ghetto List" by Michael Peters at www.deathcamps.org/occupation/ghettolist.htm  Template:En icon. Accessed July 12, 2011.
  2. ^ "The War Against The Jews." The Holocaust Chronicle, 2009. Chicago, Il. Accessed June 21, 2011.
  3. ^ Sabina Bauman, "Czwarty marsz" (The Fourth March of the Living) Linia otwocka September 26, 2005.
  4. ^ Społeczny Komitet Pamięci Żydów Otwockich i Karczewskich - działania w latach 2002-2007 Sekcja terenowa Polskiej Rady Chrześcijan i Żydów (Otwock Branch of Poland’s Advisory of Christians and Jews); Zbigniew Nosowski, President.  Template:Pl icon
  5. ^ A Time to Heal: The Story of the Children's Home in Otwock an online exhibition by Yad Vashem

External links

52°07′N 21°16′E / 52.117°N 21.267°E / 52.117; 21.267

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