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! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Area/colony
! scope="col" | Area/colony
! scope="col" | Population and notes
! scope="col" | Population
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
|-
|1600 ||[[Tadoussac, Quebec]] (French founded) ||16 (Lead by [[François Gravé Du Pont]] only five of the 16 settlers survived the winter of 1599-1600 and return to France. Now home to the only major seaport on the [[Saint Lawrence River]] for the following 30 years)
|1600 ||[[Tadoussac, Quebec]] (French founded) ||16 ||Lead by [[François Gravé Du Pont]] only five of the 16 settlers survived the winter of 1599-1600 and return to France. Now home to the only major seaport on the [[Saint Lawrence River]] for the following 30 years
|-
|-
| 1605 || [[Habitation at Port-Royal|Port Royal-Annapolis, Nova Scotia]] (French founded) || 44 (Surviving members of 79 from [[Pierre Du Gua de Monts]] now abandoned [[Saint Croix Island, Maine#St. Croix Settlement|St. Croix settlement of Maine]])
| 1605 || [[Habitation at Port-Royal|Port Royal-Annapolis, Nova Scotia]] (French founded) || 44 ||Surviving members of 79 from [[Pierre Du Gua de Monts]] now abandoned [[Saint Croix Island, Maine#St. Croix Settlement|St. Croix settlement of Maine]]
|-
|-
| 1608 ||[[History of Quebec City#French rule|Quebec City]] (French founded) || 28 ([[Samuel de Champlain]] established the colony with settlers from the Port Royal settlement)
| 1608 ||[[History of Quebec City#French rule|Quebec City]] (French founded) || 28 ||[[Samuel de Champlain]] established the colony with settlers from the Port Royal settlement
|-
|-
|1610 || [[Newfoundland Colony]] <br>(English founded) ||40 ([[John Guy (governor)|John Guy]] and 39 colonists spend the winter of 1610–1611 in the colony)
|1610 || [[Newfoundland Colony]] <br>(English founded) ||40 ||[[John Guy (governor)|John Guy]] and 39 colonists spend the winter of 1610–1611 in the colony)
|-
|-
|1629 || Quebec city || 117 (90 wintering belonged to [[David Kirke|Kirke's English Expedition]]).
|1629 || Quebec city || 117 ||90 wintering belonged to [[David Kirke|Kirke's English Expedition]])
|-
|-
|1641 || [[New France]] || 240 (De facto population of [[Canada (New France)]] and [[Acadia]])
|1641 || [[New France]] || 240 ||De facto population of [[Canada (New France)]] and [[Acadia]]
|-
|-
|1642 || [[Fort Ville-Marie]] ([[Old Montreal]]) || 50 (Majority are new immigrants directly from France lead by [[Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve| Paul de Chomedey]])
|1642 || [[Fort Ville-Marie]] ([[Old Montreal]]) || 50 ||Majority are new immigrants directly from France lead by [[Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve| Paul de Chomedey]]
|-
|-
|1665 || New France || 3,215 (Quebec city 547, [[Trois-Rivieres]] 455, [[Montreal]] 625)
|1665 || New France || 3,215 ||Quebec city 547, [[Trois-Rivieres]] 455, [[Montreal]] 625
|-
|-
|1667 || New France || 3,918 (Estimated Aboriginal population in and around New France territory 10,750)
|1667 || New France || 3,918 ||Estimated Aboriginal population in and around New France territory 10,750
|-
|-
|1671 || Acadia || 441 (French population of [[Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador|Plaisance, Newfoundland]] 73)
|1671 || Acadia || 441 ||French population of [[Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador|Plaisance, Newfoundland]] 73
|-
|-
|1679 || New France || 9,400 (Acadia with 515)
|1679 || New France || 9,400 ||Acadia with 515
|-
|-
|1680 || New France || 9,719 (960 Aboriginals living in villages within New France territory)
|1680 || New France || 9,719 ||960 Aboriginals living in villages within New France territory
|-
|-
|1685 || New France || 12,263 (1,538 Aboriginals living in villages within New France territory)
|1685 || New France || 12,263 ||1,538 Aboriginals living in villages within New France territory
|-
|-
|1686 || Acadia || 885 (Majority are French subjects from [[Pleumartin]] and [[Poitiers]] of west-central France the [[Vienne]] region)
|1686 || Acadia || 885 ||Majority are French subjects from [[Pleumartin]] and [[Poitiers]] of west-central France the [[Vienne]] region
|-
|-
|1687 || [[Newfoundland]] || 663 (French population only)
|1687 || [[Newfoundland]] || 663 ||French population only
|-
|-
|1695 ||New France || 13,639 (Population of [[Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)|St. John River New Brunswick]] 49)
|1695 ||New France || 13,639 ||Population of [[Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)|St. John River New Brunswick]] 49
|-
|-
|1698 || New France || 15,355 (English population of Newfoundland 1,500 )
|1698 || New France || 15,355 ||English population of Newfoundland 1,500
|}
|}


Revision as of 10:38, 16 February 2014

Historical population of Canada since confederation, 1867–2009

The historical growth of Canada's population is complex and has been influenced by several factors, such as indigenous populations, expansion of territory, and human migration. Being a new world country, Canada has been predisposed to be a very open society with regards to immigration, which has been the most important factor in its historical population growth.[1] Canadians make up about 0.5% of the world's total population.[2] Estimates have the population around 35 million as of December 2012.[3]

Despite the fact that Canada's population density is low, many regions in the south such as Southern Ontario, have population densities higher than several European countries. The large size of Canada's north which is not arable, and thus cannot support large human populations, significantly lowers the carrying capacity. Therefore the population density of the habitable land in Canada can be modest to high depending on the region.

Historical population overview

The Aboriginal population in what is now Canada, during the late 15th century is estimated to have been between 200,000[4] and two million,[5] with a figure of 500,000 currently accepted by Canada's Royal Commission on Aboriginal Health.[6] Repeated outbreaks of European infectious diseases such as influenza, measles and smallpox (to which they had no natural immunity), combined with other effects of European contact, resulted in a twenty-five percent to eighty percent Aboriginal population decrease post-contact.[4]

From 1605 to 1867 (prior to Canadian confederation) population counts reflected only the former colonies and settlements and not the country to be as a whole or Aboriginal nations.[7] The 1666 census of New France was the first census conducted in Canada (and indeed in North America).[8] It was organized by Jean Talon, the first Intendant of New France, between 1665 and 1666.[8] According to Talon's census there were 3,215 people in New France (colonies Canada, Acadia and Plaisance), comprising 538 separate families.[9] The census showed a great difference in the number of men at 2,034 versus 1,181 women.[9] The population grew slowly under French rule,[10] thus remained relatively low as growth was largely achieved through natural births, rather than by immigration.[11] Most of the people were farmers, and the rate of population growth among the settlers themselves was very high.[12] The women had about 30 per cent more children than comparable women who remained in France.[13] Yves Landry says, "Canadians had an exceptional diet for their time.[13] By the early 1700s the New France settlers were well established along the Saint Lawrence River and Acadian Peninsula with a population around 15,000 to 16,000.[14] Mainly due to natural increase and modest immigration from Northwest France (Brittany, Normandy, Île-de-France, Poitou-Charentes and Pays de la Loire) the population of New France increased to approximately 55,009 according to the last French census of 1754.[15] This was an increases from 42,701 in 1730.[15]

Births and immigration in Canada from 1850 to 2000

Canada now under British rule since 1763 saw the growth of Lower Canada's population reaching approximately 553,000, with Upper Canada reaching about 237,000 individuals by 1831.[16] By 1851, the population of the Maritime colonies also reached roughly 533,000 (277,000 in Nova Scotia, 194,000 in New Brunswick and 62,000 in Prince Edward Island).[17] To the west British Columbia had about 55,000 individuals by 1851, with Rupert's Land and the North-West Territory having 6000 permanent residents.[17] By 1861, as a result of natural births and the Great Migration of Canada from the British Isles, the Province of Canada (formally Upper Canada and Lower Canada) population increased to almost 1.4 million inhabitants.[17] Newfoundland's population by 1861 reached approximately 125,000 individuals.[17]

The population has consistently risen every year since the establishment of the Dominion of Canada in 1867; however the population of Newfoundland and Labrador was not included in post-confederation tallies prior to its entry into confederation as Canada's tenth province in 1949.[18][19] The first national census of the country was taken in 1871, with a population count around 3,689,000.[20] The year with the least population growth (in real terms) was 1882–1883, when only 30,000 new individuals were enumerated.[19]

Distribution of the population in Canada for the years 1851, 1871, 1901, 1921 and 1941

The 1911 census was a detailed enumeration of the population showing a count of 7,206,643 individuals.[21] This was an increase of 34% over the 1901 census of 5,371,315.[22] The year with the most population growth was during the peak of the Post-World War II baby boom in 1956–1957, when the population grew by over 529,000, in a single twelve-month period.[19] The Canadian baby boom defined from 1947 to 1966, saw more than 400,000 babies born.[23] The 1996 census attempted to count every person in the country, totaling a population count of 28,846,761.[24] This was a 5.7% increase over the 1991 census of 27,296,859.[24] The 2001 census had a total population count of 30,007,094.[25] In contrast, the official Statistics Canada population estimate for 2001 was 31,021,300.[26]

Canada's total population enumerated by the 2006 census was 31,612,897.[27] This count was lower than the official 1 July 2006 population estimate of 32,623,490 people.[27] Ninety-percent of the population growth between 2001 and 2006 was concentrated in the main metropolitan areas.[28] The 2011 census was the fifteenth decennial census with a total population count of 33,476,688 up 5.9% from 2006. On average, censuses have been taken every five years since 1905. Censuses are required to be taken at least every ten years as mandated in section 8 of the Constitution Act, 1867.[29]

Components of population growth

Canada's current annual population growth rate is 1.238%, or a daily increase of 1,137 individuals.[19] Between 1867 and 2009 Canada's population grew by 979%.[19] It will have taken 144 years to do so. Canada had the highest net migration rate (0.61%) of all G-8 member countries between 1994 and 2004.[19] Natural growth accounts for an annual increase of 137,626 persons, at a yearly rate of 0.413%.[19] Between 2001 and 2006, there were 1,446,080 immigrants and 237,418 emigrants, resulting in a net migration of just over 1.2 million persons.[19] Since 2001, immigration has ranged between 221,352 and 262,236 immigrants per annum.[30]

Population by years

Former colonies and territories

Information below obtained from Statistics Canada.[Note 1]

17th century

Year Area/colony Population Notes
1600 Tadoussac, Quebec (French founded) 16 Lead by François Gravé Du Pont only five of the 16 settlers survived the winter of 1599-1600 and return to France. Now home to the only major seaport on the Saint Lawrence River for the following 30 years
1605 Port Royal-Annapolis, Nova Scotia (French founded) 44 Surviving members of 79 from Pierre Du Gua de Monts now abandoned St. Croix settlement of Maine
1608 Quebec City (French founded) 28 Samuel de Champlain established the colony with settlers from the Port Royal settlement
1610 Newfoundland Colony
(English founded)		 40 John Guy and 39 colonists spend the winter of 1610–1611 in the colony)
1629 Quebec city 117 90 wintering belonged to Kirke's English Expedition)
1641 New France 240 De facto population of Canada (New France) and Acadia
1642 Fort Ville-Marie (Old Montreal) 50 Majority are new immigrants directly from France lead by Paul de Chomedey
1665 New France 3,215 Quebec city 547, Trois-Rivieres 455, Montreal 625
1667 New France 3,918 Estimated Aboriginal population in and around New France territory 10,750
1671 Acadia 441 French population of Plaisance, Newfoundland 73
1679 New France 9,400 Acadia with 515
1680 New France 9,719 960 Aboriginals living in villages within New France territory
1685 New France 12,263 1,538 Aboriginals living in villages within New France territory
1686 Acadia 885 Majority are French subjects from Pleumartin and Poitiers of west-central France the Vienne region
1687 Newfoundland 663 French population only
1695 New France 13,639 Population of St. John River New Brunswick 49
1698 New France 15,355 English population of Newfoundland 1,500

18th century

Year Area/colony Population and notes
1705 Newfoundland 520 (French population only)
1706 New France 16,417
1712 New France 18,440 (Married - men 2,786, women 2,588. Unmarried - males 6,716, females 6,350)
1718 New France 22,983 (Married - men 3,662, women 3,926. Unmarried - males 7,911, females 7,484)
1720 St.John Island (Prince Edward Island) 100 (17 families)
1730 New France 33,682, (Married - men 6,050, women 5,728. Unmarried - males 11,314, females 10,590)
1733 St. John River (New Brunswick) 111
1735 St. John Island (Prince Edward Island) 541
1737 New France 39,970, (Married - men 7,378, women 6,804. Unmarried - males 13,330, females 12,458)
1741 Newfoundland 6,000 (English population only)
1749 Nova Scotia 2,544 (Married - men, 509 ; women 509. Unmarried --men, 660 ; women, 3. Children--boys, 228 ; girls, 216. Servants--men, 277 ; women, 142)
1749 Île-Royale (New France) (Cape Breton) 1,000 (French population only)
1765 Province of Quebec (1763–91) 69,810.
1775 [Province of Quebec (1763–91 90,000
1785 Newfoundland 10,244
1790 Nova Scotia 30,000
1797 St. John Island (Prince Edward Island) 4,500

19th century

Year Area/Province Population and notes
1806 New Brunswick 35,000
1806 Prince Edward Island 9,676
1806 Upper Canada 70,718
1806 Lower Canada 250,000
1806 Newfoundland 26,505
1807 Nova Scotia 65,000
1822 Prince Edward Island 24,600
1823 Newfoundland 52,157
1824 Upper Canada 150,066
1824 New Brunswick 74,176
1825 Upper Canada 157,923
1825 Lower Canada 479,288
1831 Lower Canada 553,134
1832 Upper Canada 263,554
1832 Newfoundland 59,280
1833 Prince Edward Island 32,292
1844 Lower Canada 697,084
1845 Newfoundland 96,295
1846 Assiniboia (North-West Territories) 4,871
1848 Upper Canada 725,879
1861 Colony of Vancouver Island 3,024, (In and around Fort Victoria 2,350)
1869 Newfoundland 146,536
1871 British Columbia 36,247
1871 Manitoba 25,228
1871 Ontario 1,620,851
1871 Quebec 1,191,516
1871 New Brunswick 285,594
1871 Nova Scotia 387,800
1871 Prince Edward Island 94,021
1871 Northwest Territories 48,000
1871 Aboriginals 102,358
(Prince Edward Island 323 - Nova Scotia 1,666 - New Brunswick 1,403 - Quebec 6,988 - Ontario 12,978 - British Columbia 23,000 - Rupert's Land 33,500 - Manitoba 500 and Labrador and the Arctic Watersheds 22,000)

Canada as a whole since confederation

Census data by years and projected data

Modern population distribution

By province and territory

Main article: List of Canadian provinces and territories by population
Canada's population from the 2011 census by province and territory

By cities and municipalities

Main article: List of the 100 largest population centres in Canada

See also

Template:Wikipedia books

Notes

  1. ^ Census information prior to 1867 are from documentation of the period and have been amalgamated by Statistics Canada for accuracy. Census information after 1871 counts the population at a time period prior to the end of the calendar year, numbers displayed reflect the end of the calendar year and have been adjusted by Statistics Canada to be accurate.
    Chart source 1: Early French settlements (1605 to 1691)
    Chart source 2: Early English settlements (1692 to 1749)
    Chart source 3: Acadians (1752 to 1784)
    Chart source 4: Upper Canada & Loyalists (1785 to 1797)
    Chart source 5: The 1800s (1806 to 1871)
    Chart source 6: "Estimated population of Canada, 1605 to 2009".
    Chart source 7: "Aboriginal peoples".
    Additional information: "Summaries of census information from 1605 to 1871" (PDF).

References

  1. ^ "Canadians in Context — Population Size and Growth". Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. 2010. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
  2. ^ "Environment — Greenhouse Gases (Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Person)". Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
  3. ^ Green, Jeff (6 December 2012). "Canada's population hits 35 million". The Toronto Star. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
  4. ^ a b Herbert C. Northcott; Donna Marie Wilson (2008). Dying And Death In Canada. University of Toronto Press. pp. 25–27. ISBN 978-1-55111-873-4.
  5. ^ Michael R. Haines; Richard H. Steckel (2000). A Population History of North America. Cambridge University Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-521-49666-7.
  6. ^ Garrick Alan Bailey; William C ... Sturtevant; Smithsonian Institution (U S ) (2008). Handbook Of North American Indians: Indians in Contemporary Society. Government Printing Office. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-16-080388-8.
  7. ^ "Summaries of census information from 1605 to 1871" (PDF). Statistics of Canada. 2008. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
  8. ^ a b "North America's First Census". Statistics Canada. 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
  9. ^ a b "Ttables of census data collected in 1665 and 1666 by Jean Talon". Statistics Canada. 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
  10. ^ David L. Preston (2009). The Texture of Contact: European and Indian Settler Communities on the Frontiers of Iroquoia, 1667-1783. U of Nebraska Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-8032-2549-7.
  11. ^ John Powell (2009). Encyclopedia of North American Immigration. Infobase Publishing. p. 203. ISBN 978-1-4381-1012-7.
  12. ^ Thomas F. McIlwraith; Edward K. Muller (2001). North America: The Historical Geography of a Changing Continent. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-4616-3960-2.
  13. ^ a b Yves Landry (1993). Fertility in France and New France: The Distinguishing Characteristics of Canadian Behavior in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Université de Montréal. pp. 577–592, quote p 586. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
  14. ^ "Estimated population of Canada, 1605 to present". Statistics Canada. 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
  15. ^ a b Louis Hartz (1969). The Founding of New Societies: Studies in the History of the United States, Latin America, South Africa, Canada, and Australia. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 231. ISBN 0-547-97109-5.
  16. ^ Elisée Reclus; Ernest George Ravenstein; Augustus Henry Keane (1893). The Earth and Its Inhabitants ...: British North America. D. Appleton. p. 479.
  17. ^ a b c d Kenneth J. Rea (1991). A guide to Canadian economic history. Canadian Scholars' Press. pp. 64–65. ISBN 978-0-921627-81-4.
  18. ^ "Estimated population of Canada, 1605 to present". Statistics Canada. 2009. Retrieved 16 April 2010.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h "Canadians in Context — Population Size and Growth". Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
  20. ^ "History of the Census of Canada". Statistics Canada. 2006. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  21. ^ "OGSPI 1911 Census Menu". The Ontario Genealogical Society (OGS). 2005. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
  22. ^ "Canadian Immigration – Early 1900s". British immigrants in Montreal. 2010. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
  23. ^ "By definition: Boom, bust, X and why". Globe and Mail. 2006 -2009. Retrieved 23 June 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ^ a b "Census of Canada, A population and dwelling counts" (PDF). Statistics Canada. 1997. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  25. ^ "2001 Census facts: did you know..." (PDF). Statistics Canada. 2006. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
  26. ^ "Population estimates". Statistics Canada. 2006. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
  27. ^ a b "Differences between Statistics Canada's census counts and population estimates" (PDF). Statistics Canada. 2006. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  28. ^ "Population and dwelling counts A portrait of the Canadian population". Statistics Canada. 2007. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  29. ^ "The Constitution Act, 1867". The Solon Law Archive. 2001. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
  30. ^ "Immigration overview – Permanent and temporary residents". Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2014. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  31. ^ 91.pdf, Canada Year Book 1932
  32. ^ 135.pdf, Canada Year Book 1955
  33. ^ 184.pdf, Canada Year Book 1967
  34. ^ Population and private dwellings occupied by usual residents and intercensal growth for Canada - 1971 to 2011
  35. ^ Manitoba (Canada): Province & Major Cities - Statistics & Maps on City Population
  36. ^ 1996 Census of Canada - Electronic Area Profiles
  37. ^ Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories - 2006 and 2001 censuses
  38. ^ Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories - 2011 and 2006 censuses
  39. ^ "Population Projections for Canada - Components of population growth, high-growth scenario - 2009/2010 to 2060/2061" (PDF). Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 91-520. 2006. Retrieved 8 September 2013.

Further reading

External links

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