List of heads of state of Mexico: Difference between revisions

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The '''Head of State in Mexico''' is the person who controls the executive power in the country. Under the [[Political Constitution of the United Mexican States|current constitution]], this responsibility lies in the [[President of the United Mexican States]], who is head of the supreme executive power of the Mexican Union.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Political Constitution of the United Mexican States |url=http://www.juridicas.unam.mx/infjur/leg/constmex/pdf/consting.pdf |page=78 |publisher=Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas (UNAM) |accessdate=August 9, 2011}}</ref> Throughout its history, [[Mexico]] has had several [[forms of government]]. Under the [[Constitutions of Mexico|federal constitutions]], the title of President was the same as the current. Under the [[Siete Leyes|Seven Laws]] ([[centralism|centralist]]), was named ''President of the Republic''. In addition, there have been two periods of [[Constitutional monarchy|monarchical rule]], during which the [[executive]] was controlled by the [[Emperor of Mexico]].

The chronology of the heads of state of Mexico is complicated due the country's political instability during most of the nineteenth century and early decades of the twentieth century. With few exceptions, most of the Mexican presidents elected during this period did not complete their terms. Until the presidency of [[Lazaro Cardenas]], each president had remained in office an average of fifteen months.<ref>Iturriaga, XXXX: 61.</ref>

This list also included the self-appointed presidents during civil wars and the collegiate bodies that performed the Mexican Executive duties during periods of transition.
{{Politics of Mexico}}
{{Politics of Mexico}}
This page lists the '''heads of state of [[Mexico]]''' since independence in 1821.


==[[First Mexican Empire]] (1821-1823)==
== Mexican Empire (1821-1823) ==
{{Main|First Mexican Empire}}

=== First Regency ===
After the consummation of the [[Independence of Mexico]], it was settled a Provisional Board of Governing formed by thirty-four persons. The Board decreed and signed the [[Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire]] and appointed a regency composed by six people.


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
===Regency (1821-1822)===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|- style="background:#cccccc"
! # !!colspan=2| Regents !!width="150"| Took office !!width="150"| Left office
|-
|-
! style="background:#007BA7; color:white;" colspan="2" | Regent<ref name=Regencia>{{Cite web |title=El viajero en México: Ó sea la capital de la República, encerrada en un libro. |url=http://www.archive.org/stream/elviajeroenmxic00vallgoog#page/n28/mode/2up |publisher=Open Library |accessdate=August 9, 2011}}</ref>
|| 1 ||width="250"| [[Agustin de Iturbide]]<ref name="RGY">[http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1821_124/Segunda_y_definitiva_Acta_de_Independencia_del_Imp_167.shtml Acta de Independencia del Imperio mexicano], Archivo General de la Nación</ref> || [[Image:Iturbide.jpg|50px]] || 28 September 1821 || 18 May 1822
! style="background:#007BA7; color:white;" | Took office
! style="background:#007BA7; color:white;" | Left office
! style="background:#007BA7; color:white;" | Notes
|-
|-
| [[Image:Iturbide, Miranda, 1860.png|50px]]
|| 2 || [[Juan O'Donojú|Juan O'Donojú y O'Rian]]<ref name="RGY"/> || [[Image:Juan-odonoju.jpg|50px]] || 28 September 1821 || 8 October 1821
| '''[[Agustín de Iturbide]]'''
| September 28, 1821
| April 11, 1822
| <small></small>
|-
|-
| [[Image:Juan O'Donoju.jpg|50px]]
|| 3 || [[Antonio Pérez Martínez y Robles]]<ref name="RGY"/> || [[File:Antonio Pérez Martínez y Robles.jpg|50px]] || 8 October 1821 || 11 April 1822
| '''[[Juan O'Donojú]]'''
| September 28, 1821
| October 8, 1821
| <small>He died on October 8.</small>
|-
|-
| [[Image:Antonio Pérez Martínez y Robles.jpg|50px]]
|| 4 || [[Marco Hector Zamora Torres]]<ref name="RGY"/> || [[File:Manuel de la Bárcena.jpg|50px]] || 28 September 1821 || 11 April 1822
| '''[[Antonio Pérez Martínez y Robles|Antonio Pérez Martínez]]'''
| October 8, 1821
| April 11, 1822
| <small></small>
|-
|-
| [[Image:Manuel de la Bárcena.jpg|50px]]
|| 5 || [[José Isidro Yañez]]<ref name="RGY"/> || [[File:José Isidro Yañez.jpg|50px]] || 28 September 1821 || 18 May 1822
| '''[[Manuel de la Barcéna]]'''
| September 28, 1821
| April 11, 1822
| <small></small>
|-
|-
| [[Image:José Isidro Yañez.jpg|50px]]
|| 6 || [[Manuel Velázquez de León y Pérez]]<ref name="RGY"/> || [[File:Coat of arms of Mexico (1821-1823).svg|50px]] || 28 September 1821 || 11 April 1822
| '''[[José Isidro Yañez]]'''
| September 28, 1821
| April 11, 1822
| <small></small>
|-
|-
|
|| 7 || [[Miguel Valentín y Tamayo]]<ref name="RGY"/> || [[File:Coat of arms of Mexico (1821-1823).svg|50px]] || 11 April 1822 || 18 May 1822
| '''[[Manuel Velázquez de León y Pérez|Manuel Velázquez de León]]'''
| September 28, 1821
| April 11, 1822
| <small></small>
|-
|-
|}
|| 8 || [[Manuel de Heras Soto]]<ref name="RGY"/> || [[File:Manuel de Heras Soto.jpg|50px]] || 11 April 1822 || 18 May 1822

=== Second Regency ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! style="background:#007BA7; color:white;" colspan="2" | Regent<ref name="Regencia"/>
! style="background:#007BA7; color:white;" | Took office
! style="background:#007BA7; color:white;" | Left office
! style="background:#007BA7; color:white;" | Notes
|-
| [[Image:Iturbide, Miranda, 1860.png|50px]]
| '''[[Agustín de Iturbide]]'''
| April 11, 1822
| May 18, 1822
| <small></small>
|-
| [[Image:José Isidro Yañez.jpg|50px]]
| '''[[José Isidro Yañez]]'''
| April 11, 1822
| May 18, 1822
| <small></small>
|-
|
| '''[[Miguel Valentín y Tamayo|Miguel Valentín]]'''
| April 11, 1822
| May 18, 1822
| <small></small>
|-
| [[Image:Manuel de Heras Soto.jpg|50px]]
| '''[[Manuel de Heras Soto|Manuel de Heras]]'''
| April 11, 1822
| May 18, 1822
| <small></small>
|-
| [[Image:Nicolas Bravo.jpg|50px]]
| '''[[Nicolás Bravo]]'''
| April 11, 1822
| May 18, 1822
| <small></small>
|-
|-
|| 9 || [[Nicolás Bravo Rueda]]<ref name="RGY"/> || [[File:Nicolas Bravo.jpg|50px]] || 11 April 1822 || 18 May 1822
|}
|}


===[[Agustín I]] (1822-1823)===
=== Agustín I ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
|- style="background:#cccccc"
! style="background:#800000; color:white;" colspan="2" | Emperor
!# !! colspan=2 | Emperor !! Reign Start !! Reign Ended !! Royal House !! colspan=2 | Consort
|- style="background:#ccccff"
! style="background:#800000; color:white;" | Coat of Arms
! style="background:#800000; color:white;" | Reign Start
|| 1 || [[Agustín I]] || [[Image:Iturbide Emperador by Josephus Arias Huerta.jpg|50px]] || 19 May 1822 || 19 March 1823 || [[House of Iturbide|Iturbide]] || [[Ana María de Huarte y Muñiz]] || [[Image:Emperatriz Ana Maria by Josephus Arias Huerta.jpg|50px]]
! style="background:#800000; color:white;" | Reign Ended
! style="background:#800000; color:white;" | Royal House
! style="background:#800000; color:white;" colspan="2" | Consort
|-
| [[Image:Iturbide Emperador by Josephus Arias Huerta.jpg|110px]]
| style="width:12%;" | '''[[Agustín I]]'''<br><small>(1783–1824)
| [[Image:Coat of Arms of the First Mexican Empire.svg|100px]]
| May 19, 1822
| March 19, 1823
| [[House of Iturbide|Iturbide]]
| [[Image:Emperatriz Ana Maria Huarte de Iturbide.png|110px]]
| style="width:12%;" | '''[[Ana Maria de Mexico|Ana María]]'''<br><small>(1786–1861)
|-
|}
|}


==[[Supreme Executive Power]] (1823-1824)==
== Provisional Government (1823-1824) ==
{{Main|Supreme Executive Power}}
[[Supreme Executive Power]] was an organization that served as [[Executive (government)|Executive]] to govern [[México]] after the of [[First Mexican Empire|Mexican Empire]] of [[Agustín de Iturbide|Agustín I]], on 1823.<ref>[http://www.inehrm.gob.mx/Portal/PtMain.php?pagina=exp-triunvirato-articulo INEHRM Secretaría de Gobernación]</ref> The organization was responsible for convening the creation of the [[Federation|Federal Republic]] and was in effect from April 1, 1823 to October 10, 1824.<ref>{{cite web |title=El Viajero en México (Pág. 30) |url=http://cdigital.dgb.uanl.mx/la/1020004349/1020004349_004.pdf|publisher=CDigital|accessdate=September 12, 2010}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
The [[Supreme Executive Power|Provisional Government of 1823]] was an organization that served as [[Executive (government)|Executive]] to govern [[México]] after the end of the [[First Mexican Empire|Mexican Empire]] of [[Agustín de Iturbide|Agustín I]], on 1823.<ref>[http://www.inehrm.gob.mx/Portal/PtMain.php?pagina=exp-triunvirato-articulo INEHRM Secretaría de Gobernación]</ref> The organization was responsible for convening the creation of the [[Federation|Federal Republic]] and was in effect from April 1, 1823 to October 10, 1824.<ref>{{cite web |title=El Viajero en México (Pág. 30) |url=http://cdigital.dgb.uanl.mx/la/1020004349/1020004349_004.pdf|publisher=CDigital|accessdate=September 12, 2010}}</ref>
|- style="background:#cccccc"

! colspan=2| Head of State !!width="150"| Took office !!width="150"| Left office !!width="80"| Party
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
|width="250"| [[Pedro Celestino Negrete]] || [[Image:Pedro Celestino Negrete.jpg|50px]] || 31 March 1823 || 10 October 1824 || Liberal
! style="background:#E5E4E2; color:black;" colspan="2" | Head of State<ref>{{cite web |title=Decreto. Nombramiento de los individuos que han de componer el poder ejecutivo. |url=http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1823_122/Decreto_Nombramiento_de_los_individuos_que_han_de_componer_el_poder_ejecutivo.shtml |publisher=500 años de México en documentos |language=spanish |accessdate=August 8, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Decreto. Nombramiento de suplentes para el supremo poder ejecutivo. |url=http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1823_122/Decreto_Nombramiento_de_suplentes_para_el_supremo_poder_ejecutivo.shtml |publisher=500 años de México en documentos |language=spanish |accessdate=August 8, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vicente Guerrero, 1782-1831. |url=http://www.bicentenario.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=65:vicente-guerrero-1783-1831&catid=84:biografias-independencia |publisher=Gobierno Federal |language=spanish |accessdate=August 8, 2011}}</ref>
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
! style="background:#E5E4E2; color:black;" | Took office
|| [[Guadalupe Victoria]] || [[Image:GuadVictoriaChurubuscoDF.JPG|50px]] || 31 March 1823 || 10 October 1824 || Liberal
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
! style="background:#E5E4E2; color:black;" | Left office
! style="background:#E5E4E2; color:black;" | Notes
|| [[Nicolás Bravo]] || [[File:Nicolas Bravo.jpg|50px]] || 31 March 1823 || 10 October 1824 || Conservative
|-
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
| [[Image:Nicolas Bravo.jpg|50px]]
|| [[Miguel Domínguez]] || [[File:Miguel dominguez.jpg|50px]] || 1 April 1823 || 10 October 1824 || Conservative
| '''[[Nicolás Bravo]]'''
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
| March 31, 1823
|| [[José Mariano Michelena]] || [[File:Jose mariano michelena.jpg|50px]] || 1 April 1823 || 10 October 1824 || Conservative
| October 10, 1824
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|
|| [[Vicente Guerrero]] || [[Image:Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña.png|50px]] || 1 April 1823 || 10 October 1824 || Liberal
|-
| [[Image:Guadalupe Victoria Cruces y Campa.png|50px]]
| '''[[Guadalupe Victoria]]'''
| March 31, 1823
| October 10, 1824
|
|-
| [[Image:Pedro Celestino Negrete.jpg|50px]]
| '''[[Pedro Celestino Negrete]]'''
| March 31, 1823
| October 10, 1824
|
|-
| [[Image:Jose mariano michelena.jpg|50px]]
| '''[[Mariano Michelena]]'''
| April 1, 1823
| October 10, 1824
| </small>Substitute Member</small>
|-
| [[Image:Miguel dominguez.jpg|50px]]
| '''[[Miguel Domínguez]]'''
| April 1, 1823
| October 10, 1824
| </small>Substitute Member</small>
|-
| [[Image:Vicente Guerrero (1865).png|50px]]
| '''[[Vicente Guerrero]]'''
| April 1, 1823
| October 10, 1824
| </small>Substitute Member</small>
|-
|}
|}


== First Republic of Mexico (1824-1864)==
== First Federal Republic (1823-1835) ==


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
=== Presidents of Mexico (1824-1858)===
|-
Between the time of Emperor Agustín de Iturbide's abdication (19 March 1823) and Guadalupe Victoria's assumption of the office of President (10 October 1824), there was a brief period when the executive power of the government was held by the [[Supreme Executive Power]]. At one time or another the members of this committee included [[Pedro Celestino Negrete]], [[José Mariano Michelena]], [[Nicolás Bravo]], [[Miguel Domínguez]], [[Vicente Guerrero]] and [[Guadalupe Victoria]].
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black;" | No.<br />
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black;" colspan="2" | [[President of Mexico|President]]
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black;" | Took office
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black;" | Left office
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black;" | [[Vice President of Mexico|Vice President]]
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black;" | Notes
|-
| '''[[Guadalupe_Victoria#Presidency (1824–1829)|1]]'''
| [[Image:GuadVictoriaChurubuscoDF.JPG|100px]]
| '''[[Guadalupe Victoria]]'''<br><small>(1786–1843)
| October 10, 1824
| March 31, 1829
| [[Nicolás Bravo]]
| style="width:30%;" | <small>First constitutional elected President of Mexico</br>and the only President who completed his full term</br>in almost 30 years of independent Mexico.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How the First President of the United Mexican States came into office. |url=http://132.247.131.1/pagiib/files/Investigacion/Publicaciones/07_gonzalez%20polo.pdf|publisher=500 años de México en documentos |accessdate=October 3, 2010}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''2'''
| [[Image:Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña.png|100px]]
| '''[[Vicente Guerrero]]'''<br><small>(1782–1831)
| April 1, 1829
| December 17, 1829
| [[Anastasio Bustamante]]
| <small>He was appointed by [[Congress of Mexico|Congress]] after the resignation</br>of president-elect [[Manuel Gómez Pedraza]].<ref>{{Cite book |url= http://books.google.com.mx/books?id=rq0j6Lp9Op8C&pg=PA73&lpg=PA73&dq=20+de+diciembre+de+1827&source=bl&ots=L4PrYbvIjC&sig=zyXFoNDApUjLvTV4URKHLn8-N3U&hl=es&ei=_vW0TJimD4aEtgPYo7GdDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CDMQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=20%20de%20diciembre%20de%201827&f=false |title=La expulsión de los españoles de México y su destino incierto, 1821-1836. |pages=74–75 |language= Spanish |accessdate= October 12, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vicente Guerrero |url=http://www.bicentenario.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=574 |publisher=Federal Government Of Mexico |accessdate=August 9, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''3'''
| [[Image:Jose Maria Bocanegra.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[José María Bocanegra]]'''<br><small>(1787–1862)
| December 17, 1829
| December 23, 1829
|
| <small>He was appointed Interim President by [[Congress of Mexico|Congress]] when Guerrero</br>left office to fight the rebellion of his Vice President.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1829_116/Acuerdo_de_la_C_mara_de_Diputados_Elecci_n_de_presidente_interino_de_la_Rep_blica_en_el_Excmo_Sr_D_Jos_Mar_a_Bocanegra.shtml |title=Acuerdo de la Cámara de Diputados. Elección de presidente interino de la República en el Excmo. Sr. D. José María Bocanegra. |language=Spanish |accessdate= July 8, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/12/18121829.html |title=José María Bocanegra asume interinamente la presidencia de la República, por licencia de Vicente Guerrero. |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 9, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
|
| [[Image:Pedro Velez.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[Pedro Vélez]]'''<br><small>(1787–1848)
| December 23, 1829
| December 31, 1829
|
| <small>As president of the [[Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation|Supreme Court]], he was appointed by the</br>Council of Government as head of the executive [[triumvirate]]</br>along with [[Lucas Alamán]] and [[Luis Quintanar]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1829_116/Acuerdo_del_consejo_de_gobierno_Nombramiento_de_asociados_al_Excmo_Sr_Presidente_de_la_Suprema_Corte_de_Justicia_para_ejercer_el_supremo_poder_ejecutivo.shtml |title=Acuerdo del consejo de gobierno. Nombramiento de asociados al Excmo. Sr. Presidente de la Suprema Corte de Justicia, para ejercer el supremo poder ejecutivo. |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 9, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''4'''
| [[Image:Anastasio Bustamante Oleo (480x600).png|100px]]
| '''[[Anastasio Bustamante]]'''<br><small>(1780–1853)
| January 1, 1830
| August 13, 1832
|
| <small>As Vice President he assumed the presidency</br>after the [[coup]] against Guerrero.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/1/01011830.html |title=Anastasio Bustamante, vicepresidente con Vicente Guerrero, asume la Presidencia de la República. |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 9, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''5'''
| [[Image:Melchor Muzquiz.png|100px]]
| '''[[Melchor Múzquiz]]'''<br><small>(1790–1844)
| August 14, 1832
| December 24, 1832
|
| <small>He was appointed Interim President by Congress when</br>Bustamante left office to fight the rebellion of Santa Anna.</br><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/8/14081832-MM.html |title=Melchor Múzquiz sustituye como presidente interino a Anastasio Bustamante. |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 9, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/mexico/gobernantes/mexico-1821-actualidad/melchor-muzquiz/ |title=Melchor Múzquiz. |publisher=Presidencia de la Republica |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 9, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.sepdf.gob.mx/efemerides/consulta_efemerides.jsp?dia=14&mes=8 |title=Anastasio Bustamante. |publisher=Secretaria de Educación Publica en el Distrito Federal |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 9, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''6'''
| [[Image:Manuel Gómez Pedraza.png|100px]]
| '''[[Manuel Gómez Pedraza]]'''<br><small>(1789–1851)
| December 24, 1832
| March 31, 1833
|
| <small>He assumed the presidency to conclude the term</br>he should rule as winner of the elections of 1828.</br><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bicentenario.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=578 |title=Manuel Gómez Pedraza. |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 9, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/12/24121832.html |title=Manuel Gómez Pedraza asume la presidencia de la República mediante los convenios de Zavaleta. |publisher=Memoria Politica de Mexico |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 9, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''7'''
| [[Image:Valentín Gómez Farías.png|100px]]
| '''[[Valentín Gómez Farías]]'''<br><small>(1781–1858)
| April 1, 1833
| May 16, 1833
|
| <small> As Vice President he assumed the presidency in place of Santa Anna, along with whom he was elected in the elections of 1833.</br><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Textos/2ImpDictadura/1833-GF-VPte.html |title=El Sr. D. Valentín Gómez Farías, al jurar como Vicepresidente. |publisher=Memoria Política de México |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 9, 2011}}</ref><ref name=LopezyFarias>{{cite web |url=http://imagenpoliticadotcom.wordpress.com/2011/05/16/1833-santa-anna-asume-por-primera-vez-la-presidencia-de-mexico/ |title=Santa Anna asume por primera vez la presidencia de México. |publisher=Imagen Política de México y del Mundo |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 9, 2011}}</ref><ref name=VGF>{{cite web |url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/mexico/gobernantes/mexico-1821-actualidad/valentin-gomez-farias/ |title=Valentín Gómez Farías. |publisher=Presidencia de la Republica |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 9, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''8'''
| [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[Antonio López de Santa Anna]]'''<br><small>(1794–1876)
| May 16, 1833
| June 3, 1833
| [[Valentín Gómez Farías]]
| <small>He assumed the presidency as constitutional elected president.</br>He alternated the presidency with Vice President</br>Gómez Farías four more times until April 24, 1834.</br><ref name=LopezyFarias /><ref name=SantaAnna>{{cite web |url=http://www.bicentenario.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=593 |title=Antonio López de Santa Anna |publisher=Federal Government of Mexico |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 9, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/5/16051833.html |title=Antonio López de Santa Anna asume por primera vez la presidencia de México. |publisher=Memoria Política de México |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 9, 2011}}</ref><ref name=reeleccion>{{cite web |url=http://www.inep.org/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=215 |title=La adicción al poder. Reelección o No Reelección. |publisher=Internet para el profesional de la política. |page=2 |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 9, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
|
| [[Image:Valentín Gómez Farías.png|50px]]
| '''[[Valentín Gómez Farías]]'''<br><small>(1781–1858)
| June 3, 1833
| June 18, 1833
|
|
|-
|
| [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|50px]]
| '''[[Antonio López de Santa Anna]]'''<br><small>(1794–1876)
| June 18, 1833
| July 5, 1833
| [[Valentín Gómez Farías]]
|
|-
|
| [[Image:Valentín Gómez Farías.png|50px]]
| '''[[Valentín Gómez Farías]]'''<br><small>(1781–1858)
| July 5, 1833
| October 27, 1833
|
|
|-
|
| [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|50px]]
| '''[[Antonio López de Santa Anna]]'''<br><small>(1794–1876)
| October 27, 1833
| December 15, 1833
| [[Valentín Gómez Farías]]
|
|-
|
| [[Image:Valentín Gómez Farías.png|50px]]
| '''[[Valentín Gómez Farías]]'''<br><small>(1781–1858)
| December 16, 1833
| April 24, 1834
|
| <small>He promoted several liberal reforms that led</br>to the discontent of conservatives and the church.</br>Santa Anna took office again and he went to exile.<ref name=VGF /><ref name=reformas>{{cite web |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/4/24041834.html |title=Santa Anna asume el poder; Valentín Gómez Farías va al exilio. |publisher=Memoria Política de México |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 9, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
|
| [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|50px]]
| '''[[Antonio López de Santa Anna]]'''<br><small>(1794–1876)
| April 24, 1834
| January 27, 1835
|
| <small>He cancelled the liberal reforms.</br>On January 27, the Sixth Constitutional Congress</br>dismissed to Gomez Farias as Vice President.<ref name=VGF /><ref name=reformas /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.diputados.gob.mx/cedia/sia/re/RE-ISS-01-10.pdf |title=Relación Cronológica de las Legislaturas de la Cámara de Diputados. |publisher=Cámara de Diputados |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 9, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''9'''
| [[Image:Miguel Barragan Oleo (480x600).png|100px]]
| '''[[Miguel Barragán]]'''<br><small>(1789–1836)
| January 28, 1835
| February 27, 1836
|
| <small> He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Santa Anna left office to fight the Rebellion of [[Zacatecas]].</br>On October 23, Congress enacted the ''Constitutional Basis'',</br>which void the [[Constitution of 1824]] and the federal system.</br>He served both as last president of the First Federal Republic</br>and the first of the Centralist Republic.<ref name=barragan>{{cite web |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/1/28011835.html |title=Asume la presidencia de la República interinamente el general Miguel Barragán en sustitución de Santa Anna. |publisher=Memoria Política de México |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 10, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=México a través de los siglos |last= Riva Palacio |first=Vicente |year=1940 |publisher=Editorial Cumbre |language=spanish |url=http://www.archive.org/stream/mxicotravsde04tomorich#page/n5/mode/2up |accessdate=August 10, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= Las Constituciones de México. |last= De La Fuente Guerrero |first= Sara C. |year= 2003 |publisher= Servigraf |language=Spanish |location= México}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1835_130/Bases_constitucionales_expedidas_por_el_Congreso_C_206.shtml|title=Bases constitucionales expedidas por el Congreso Constituyente. |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 10, 2011}}</ref>
</small>
|-
|}


== Centralist Republic (1835-1846) ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|- style="background:#cccccc"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!# !! colspan=2 | President !! Took office !! Left office !! Party
|- style="background:#dddddd"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:2%;" | No.<br />
|- style="background:#dddddd"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:30%;" colspan="2" | [[President of Mexico|President]]
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:15%;" | Took office
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:15%;" | Left office
||1 || [[Guadalupe Victoria]] || [[Image:GuadVictoriaChurubuscoDF.JPG|50px]] || 10 October 1824 || 1 April 1829 || Liberal
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:38%;" | Notes
|-
||2 || [[Vicente Guerrero]] || [[Image:Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña.png|50px]] || 1 April 1829 || 17 December 1829 || Liberal
| '''9'''
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
| [[Image:Miguel Barragan Oleo (480x600).png|100px]]
||3 || [[José María Bocanegra]] || [[Image:Jose Maria Bocanegra.PNG|50px]] || 18 December 1829 || 23 December 1829 || Liberal
| '''[[Miguel Barragán]]'''<br><small>(1789–1836)
| January 28, 1835
| February 27, 1836
|<small>He left office because of a serious illness. He died two days later.<ref name=barragan /></small>
|-
| '''10'''
| [[Image:Jose Justo Corro.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[José Justo Corro]]'''<br><small>(1794–1864)
| January 28, 1835
| April 19, 1837
|<small>He was appointed Interim President by Congress to conclude the presidencial term.</br>During his term, he enacted the [[Seven Laws]] and</br>[[Spain]] recognized the [[Independence of Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/2/28021836.html |title=José Justo Corro asume el cargo de presidente interino por la enfermedad del general Miguel Barragán. |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 10, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Decreto que expide las Leyes Constitucionales de la República Mexicana.|url=http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1836_129/Decreto_que_expide_las_Leyes_Constitucionales_de_l_208.shtml|publisher=500 años de México en documentos |accessdate=August 10, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tratado definitivo de paz y amistad entre México y España.|url=http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/uploads/tratado28diciembre1836.pdf |publisherl=500 años de México en documentos. |accessdate=August 10, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
|
| [[Image:Anastasio Bustamante Oleo (480x600).png|100px]]
| '''[[Anastasio Bustamante]]'''<br><small>(1780–1853)
| April 19, 1837
| March 18, 1839
|<small>He took office as constitutional elected president.</br>He was elected in the elections of 1837 for a eight years term.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conevyt.org.mx/colaboracion/colabora/objetivos/libros_pdf/sso3_u11lecc2.pdf |title=La primera República Federal 1824-1835. |page=8 |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 10, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Anastasio Bustamante.|url=http://www.bicentenario.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=576 |publisher=Federal Government of Mexico |accessdate=August 10, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
|
| [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[Antonio López de Santa Anna]]'''<br><small>(1794–1876)
| March 18, 1839
| July 10, 1839
|<small>He was appointed interim president by the Supreme Conservative Power when Bustamante left office to fight federalist rebellions.<ref name=SantaAnna /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Biografias/LSA94.html |title=López de Santa Anna y Pérez Lebrón, Antonio. |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 10, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''11'''
| [[Image:Presidente Nicolas Bravo.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[Nicolás Bravo]]'''<br><small>(1786–1854)
| July 11, 1839
| July 19, 1839
|<small>He was appointed substitute president when Santa Anna left office.<ref name=reeleccion /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bicentenario.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61&Itemid=14 |title=Nicolás Bravo 1786-1854. |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 10, 2011}}</ref><ref name=NBravo>{{cite web |url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/mexico/gobernantes/mexico-1821-actualidad/nicolas-bravo/ |title=Nicolás Bravo. |language=Spanish |accessdate= August 10, 2011}}</ref> </small>
|-
|
| [[Image:Anastasio Bustamante Oleo (480x600).png|100px]]
| '''[[Anastasio Bustamante]]'''<br><small>(1780–1853)
| July 19, 1839
| September 22, 1841
|<small>He reassumed the presidency.<ref name=reeleccion /><ref>{{cite web |title=Anastasio Bustamante.|url=http://www.iea.gob.mx/webiea/inf_general/archivos/biogra/bustaman.html|publisher=Government of the State of Aguascalientes |accessdate=August 10, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''12'''
| [[Image:Francisco Javier Echeverria.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[Francisco Javier Echeverría]]'''<br><small>(1797–1852)
| September 22, 1841
| October 10, 1841
|<small>He was appointed interim president when Bustamante left office to fight a rebellion headed by [[Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga]], Santa Anna and [[Gabriel Valencia]].</br>He resigned after the triumph of the rebellion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anastasio Bustamante.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Biografias/BUA80.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Francisco Javier Echeverría asume la presidencia de la República.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/9/22091841-EFJ.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Francisco Javier Echeverría.|url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/mexico/gobernantes/mexico-1821-actualidad/francisco-javier-echeverria/ |publisher=Presidencia de la Republica |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref></small>
</small>
</small>
|-
|
| [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[Antonio López de Santa Anna]]'''<br><small>(1794–1876)
| October 10, 1841
| October 26, 1842
| <small>He was appointed provisional president by a ''Junta de Representantes de los Departamentos'' (Board of Representatives of the Departments).<ref>{{cite web |title=Decreto de la Junta de Representantes. Se declara Presidente de la República, a D. Antonio López de Santa-Anna.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Textos/2ImpDictadura/1841PSA.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Junta de Representantes o Consejo de los Departamentos. |url=http://www.iih.unam.mx/moderna/ehmc/ehmc04/028.html |publisher=Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas (UNAM) |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref><ref name=SantaAnnaBravo>{{cite web |title=Efemérides / Santa Anna. |url=http://www2.sepdf.gob.mx/efemerides/consulta_efemerides.jsp?dia=10&mes=10 |publisher=Secretaria de Educación Publica del D.F. |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
|
| [[Image:Presidente Nicolas Bravo.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[Nicolás Bravo]]'''<br><small>(1786–1854)
| October 26, 1842
| March 4, 1843
| <small>He was appointed substitute president by Santa Anna when he left office.<ref name=NBravo /><ref name=SantaAnnaBravo /></small>
|-
|
| [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[Antonio López de Santa Anna]]'''<br><small>(1794–1876)
| March 4, 1843
| October 4, 1843
| <small>He reassumed the presidency as provisional president.<ref>{{cite web |title=Decreto del gobierno. Sobre que volverá a ejercer el poder ejecutivo, luego que llegue a la capital, el general Santa-Anna. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Textos/2ImpDictadura/1843DSA.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref>
|-
| '''13'''
| [[Image:Valentin Canalizo Oleo (480x600).png|100px]]
| '''[[Valentín Canalizo]]'''<br><small>(1794–1850)
| October 4, 1843
| June 4, 1844
| <small>He was appointed interim president by Santa Anna when he left office.<ref>{{cite web |title=Decreto del gobierno. Se deposita el gobierno provisional de la República en el general D. Valentín Canalizo. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Textos/2ImpDictadura/1843DVC.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Valentín Canalizo asume la presidencia de la República como sustituto de Santa Anna. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/10/04101843-CV.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
|
| [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[Antonio López de Santa Anna]]'''<br><small>(1794–1876)
| June 4, 1844
| September 12, 1844
| <small>He reassumed the presidency after being elected constitutional president by Congress on January 2, 1844.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ley. Se declara presidente constitucional de la República, á D. Antonio López de Santa-Anna. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Textos/2ImpDictadura/1844LPS.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref><ref name=CanalizoDeHerrera>{{cite web |title=Efemérides / Santa Anna. |url=http://www2.sepdf.gob.mx/efemerides/consulta_efemerides.jsp?dia=4&mes=6 |publisher=Secretaria de Educación Publica del D.F. |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''14'''
| [[Image:Jose Joaquin de Herrera Oleo (480x600).png|100px]]
| '''[[José Joaquín de Herrera]]'''<br><small>(1792–1854)
| September 12, 1844
| September 21, 1844
| <small>He was appointed substitute president by Congress to replace the interim president Valentin Canalizo.<ref name=CanalizoDeHerrera /><ref name=Canalizo2>{{cite web |title=Valentín Canalizo es nombrado presidente interino de la República. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/9/21091844-CV.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
|
| [[Image:Valentin Canalizo Oleo (480x600).png|100px]]
| '''[[Valentín Canalizo]]'''<br><small>(1794–1850)
| September 21, 1844
| December 6, 1844
| <small>He assumed the presidency as interim president.<ref>{{cite web |title=Canalizo, Valentín. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Biografias/CAV94.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
|
| [[Image:Jose Joaquin de Herrera Oleo (480x600).png|100px]]
| '''[[José Joaquín de Herrera]]'''<br><small>(1792–1854)
| December 6, 1844
| December 30, 1845
| <small>He was appointed interim, and after, constitutional president by [[Mexican Senate|Senate]]</br>after Canalizo was arrested for try to dissolve the Congress.<ref name=Canalizo2 /><ref>{{cite web |title=Herrera asume la Presidencia tras un levantamiento popular. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/12/06121844.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Decreto del senado. Se declara presidente interino de la República, á D. José Joaquín de Herrera. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Textos/2ImpDictadura/1844DPJ.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''15'''
| rowspan="2" | [[Image:Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga (480x600).png|100px]]
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Mariano Paredes]]'''<br><small>(1797–1849)
| rowspan="2" | December 31, 1845
| rowspan="2" | July 28, 1846
| <small>He assumed office via a coup against De Herrera.</br>On June 12, he was appointed interim president.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mariano Paredes. |url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/mexico/gobernantes/mexico-1821-actualidad/mariano-paredes-y-arrillaga/ |publisher=Presidencia de la Republica |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref><ref name=ParedesBravo>{{cite web |title=Decreto del congreso extraordinario. Se declarará presidente interino á D. Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Textos/2ImpDictadura/1846PMP.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
|-
| <small>'''[[Vice President of Mexico|Vice President]]'''<ref name=ParedesBravo /></small></br>[[Nicolás Bravo]]
|colspan="2" align="left"| [[Supreme Executive Power]]<br/>[[Pedro Vélez]]<sup>1</sup>, [[Lucas Alamán]]<sup>2</sup> <br>and [[Luis de Quintanar]]<sup>2</sup> || [[File:Coat of arms of Mexico (1823-1864, 1867-1893).svg|50px]] || 23 December 1829 || 31 December 1829 || Liberal<sup>1</sup><br/>Conservative<sup>2</sup>
|-
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
|
||4 || [[Anastasio Bustamante]] || [[Image:Anastasio Bustamante.jpg|50px]] || 1 January 1830 || 13 August 1832 || Conservative
| [[Image:Presidente Nicolas Bravo.PNG|100px]]
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
| '''[[Nicolás Bravo]]'''<br><small>(1786–1854)
||5 || [[Melchor Múzquiz]] || [[Image:Melchor Muzquiz.png|50px]] || 14 August 1832 || 26 December 1832 || Liberal
| July 28, 1846
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
| August 4, 1846
||6 || [[Manuel Gómez Pedraza]] || [[Image:Manuel Gómez Pedraza.png|50px]] || 24 December 1832 || 1 April 1833 || Liberal
| <small>He took office when Paredes left the presidency to fight the [[americans]] in the [[Mexican American War]].</br>He was deposed by a federalist rebellion led by Jose Mariano Salas and Valentin Gomez Farias.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nicolás Bravo asume la presidencia de la República. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/7/28071846.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Se concede permiso al presidente de la República, para mandar en persona las fuerzas de tierra. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Textos/2ImpDictadura/1846DRT.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Manifiesto de Mariano Salas y Valentín Gómez Farías. |url=http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1846_139/Manifiesto_de_Mariano_Salas_y_Valent_n_G_mez_Far_a_1666.shtml |publisher=500 años de México en documentos |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref></small>
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|-
||7 || [[Valentín Gómez Farías]] || [[Image:Valentín Gómez Farías.png|50px]] || 1 April 1833 || 16 May 1833 || Liberal
| '''16'''
|- style="background:#E6E6AA"
| [[Image:Jose Mariano Salas Oleo (480x600).png|100px]]
||8 || [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] || [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|50px]] || 16 May 1833 || 3 June 1833 || Liberal-Conservative
| '''[[José Mariano Salas]]'''<br><small>(1797–1867)
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
| August 5, 1846
||9 || [[Valentín Gómez Farías]] || [[Image:Valentín Gómez Farías.png|50px]] || 3 June 1833 || 18 June 1833 || Liberal
| December 23, 1846
|- style="background:#E6E6AA"
| <small>He assumed office as provisional president after the triumph of the federalist rebellion (Plan de la Ciudadela).</br>He put in force the [[Constitution of 1824]] on August 22.<ref name=Salas>{{cite web |title=El General Mariano Salas toma posesión de la presidencia de la República. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/8/05081846-MS.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Republica Federal. |url=http://cdigital.dgb.uanl.mx/la/1020004349/1020004349_004.pdf |publisher=El Viajero en México |pagina=5 |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Se declara vigente la Constitución de 1824. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Textos/2ImpDictadura/1846DVC.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref></br>He served both as last president of the Centralist Republic and first of the Second Federal Republic.</small>
||10 || [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] || [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|50px]] || 18 June 1833 || 5 July 1833 || Liberal-Conservative
|}
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
||11 || [[Valentín Gómez Farías]] || [[Image:Valentín Gómez Farías.png|50px]] || 5 July 1833 || 27 October 1833 || Liberal
|- style="background:#E6E6AA"
||12 || [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] || [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|50px]] || 27 October 1833 || 15 December 1833 || Liberal-Conservative
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
||13 || [[Valentín Gómez Farías]] || [[Image:Valentín Gómez Farías.png|50px]] || 16 December 1833 || 24 April 1834 || Liberal
|- style="background:#E6E6AA"
||14 || [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] || [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|50px]] || 24 April 1834 || 27 January 1835 || Liberal-Conservative
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
||15 || [[Miguel Barragán]] || [[Image:Miguel Barragán.gif|50px]] || 28 January 1835 || 27 February 1836 || Liberal
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
||16 || [[José Justo Corro]] || [[File:Jose Justo Corro.PNG|50px]] || 2 March 1836 || 19 April 1837 || Conservative
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
||17 || [[Anastasio Bustamante]] || [[Image:Anastasio Bustamante.jpg|50px]] || 19 April 1837 || 20 March 1839 || Conservative
|- style="background:#E6E6AA"
||18 || [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] || [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|50px]] || 20 March 1839 || 10 July 1839 || Liberal-Conservative
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
||19 || [[Nicolás Bravo]] || [[Image:Nicolas Bravo.jpg|50px]] || 10 July 1839 || 19 July 1839 || Conservative
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
||20 || [[Anastasio Bustamante]] || [[Image:Anastasio Bustamante.jpg|50px]] || 19 July 1839 || 22 September 1841 || Conservative
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
||21 || [[Francisco Javier Echeverría]] || [[File:Francisco Javier Echeverria.PNG|50px]] || 22 September 1841 || 10 October 1841 || Conservative
|- style="background:#E6E6AA"
||22 || [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] || [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|50px]] || 10 October 1841 || 26 October 1842 || Liberal-Conservative
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
||23 || [[Nicolás Bravo]] || [[Image:Nicolas Bravo.jpg|50px]] || 26 October 1842 || 4 March 1843 || Conservative
|- style="background:#E6E6AA"
||24 || [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] || [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|50px]] || 4 March 1843 || 4 October 1843 || Liberal-Conservative
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
||25 || [[Valentín Canalizo]] || [[Image:Valentín Canalizo.jpg|50px]] || 4 October 1843 || 4 June 1844 || Conservative
|- style="background:#E6E6AA"
||26 || [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] || [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|50px]] || 4 June 1844 || 12 September 1844 || Liberal-Conservative
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
||27 || [[José Joaquín de Herrera]] || [[Image:José Joaquín de Herrera.jpg|50px]] || 12 September 1844 || 21 September 1844 || Liberal
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
||28 || [[Valentín Canalizo]] || [[Image:Valentín Canalizo.jpg|50px]] || 21 September 1844 || 6 December 1844 || Conservative
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"


== Second Federal Republic (1846-1863) ==
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"

||30 || [[Gabriel Valencia]] || [[Image:Gabriel Valencia.jpg|50px]] || 30 December 1845 || 2 January 1846 || Liberal
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
||31 || [[Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga|Mariano Paredes]] || [[Image:Mariano-paredes.jpg|50px]] || 4 January 1846 || 28 July 1846 || Conservative
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:2%;" | No.<br />
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:30%;" colspan="2" | [[President of Mexico|President]]
||32 || [[José Mariano Salas]] || [[Image:José Mariano Salas.gif|50px]] || 5 August 1846 || 23 December 1846 || Conservative
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:15%;" | Took office
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:15%;" | Left office
||33 || [[Valentín Gómez Farías]] || [[Image:Valentín Gómez Farías.png|50px]] || 24 December 1846 || 21 March 1847 || Liberal
|- style="background:#E6E6AA"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:38%;" | Notes
|-
||34 || [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] || [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|50px]] || 21 March 1847 || 2 April 1847 || Liberal-Conservative
| '''16'''
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
| [[Image:Jose Mariano Salas Oleo (480x600).png|100px]]
||35 || [[Pedro María de Anaya]] || [[Image:Pedro M. Anaya.PNG|50px]] || 2 April 1847 || 20 May 1847 || Liberal
| '''[[José Mariano Salas]]'''<br><small>(1797–1867)
|- style="background:#E6E6AA"
| August 6, 1846
||36 || [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] || [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|50px]] || 20 May 1847 || 15 September 1847 || Liberal-Conservative
| December 23, 1846
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
| <small>After he restored the federalism, he called elections.</br>Santa Anna won the election and was appointed interim president by Congress and Valentin Gomez Farias as vice president.<ref name=Salas /><ref>{{cite web |title=Se declara presidente interino de la República, á D. Antonio Lopez de Santa-Anna. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Textos/2ImpDictadura/1846DPS.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref></small>
||37 || [[Manuel de la Peña y Peña]] || [[Image:Manuel de la Peña y Peña.PNG|50px]] || 26 September 1847 || 13 November 1847 || Liberal
|-
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|
||38 || [[Pedro María de Anaya]] || [[Image:Pedro M. Anaya.PNG|50px]] || 13 November 1847 || 8 January 1848 || Liberal
| [[Image:Valentín Gómez Farías.png|100px]]
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
| '''[[Valentín Gómez Farías]]'''<br><small>(1781–1858)
||39 || [[Manuel de la Peña y Peña]] || [[Image:Manuel de la Peña y Peña.PNG|50px]] || 8 January 1848 || 3 June 1848 || Liberal
| December 23, 1846
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
| March 21, 1847
||40 || [[José Joaquín de Herrera]] || [[Image:José Joaquín de Herrera.jpg|50px]] || 3 June 1848 || 15 January 1851 || Liberal
| <small>As vice president, he took office in place of Santa Anna, who was fighting the americans in the Mexican American War.<ref>{{cite web |title=Se declara que D. Valentín Gómez Farías queda en posesion de su encargo de vicepresidente de la República. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Textos/2ImpDictadura/1846DVG.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref></small>
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|-
||41 || [[Mariano Arista]] || [[Image:MarianoArista.jpg|50px]] || 15 January 1851 || 6 January 1853 || Liberal
| rowspan="2" |
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
| rowspan="2" | [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|100px]]
||42 || [[Juan Bautista Ceballos]] || [[Image:General Juan Bautista Ceballos.jpg|50px]] || 6 January 1853 || 8 February 1853 || Liberal
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Antonio López de Santa Anna]]'''<br><small>(1794–1876)
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
| rowspan="2" | March 21, 1847
||43 || [[Manuel María Lombardini]] || [[File:Manuel María Lombardini.PNG|50px]] || 8 February 1853 || 20 April 1853 || Conservative
| rowspan="2" | April 2, 1847
|- style="background:#E6E6AA"
| <small>He took office as elected interim president.<ref>{{cite web |title=21 DE MARZO DE 1847. |url=http://bibliotecadigital.ilce.edu.mx/sites/1847/patria/textos/sec_31.html |publisher=Biblioteca Digital |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref></small>
||44 || [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] || [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|50px]] || 20 April 1853 || 9 August 1855 || Liberal-Conservative
|-
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
| <small>'''[[Vice President of Mexico|Vice President]]'''</small></br>[[Valentín Gómez Farías]]
||45 || [[Martín Carrera]] || [[Image:Martín Carrera.PNG|50px]] || 15 August 1855 || 12 September 1855 || Liberal
|-
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
| '''17'''
||46 || [[Rómulo Díaz de la Vega]] || [[File:Rómulo Díaz de la Vega.PNG|50px]] || 12 September 1855 || 3 October 1855 || Conservative
| [[Image:Pedro M. Anaya.PNG|100px]]
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
| '''[[Pedro María de Anaya]]'''<br><small>(1795–1854)
||47 || [[Juan Álvarez]] || [[Image:Juan Alvarez.PNG|50px]] || 4 October 1855 || 11 December 1855 || Liberal
| April 2, 1847
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
| May 20, 1847
||48 || [[Ignacio Comonfort]] || [[Image:Ignacio Comonfort.PNG|50px]] || 15 September 1855 || 21 January 1858 || Liberal
| <small>Santa Anna left office to fight in the Mexican American War. Congress abolished the vice presidency and he was appointed as substitute president.<ref>{{cite web |title=Efemerides/Pedro María Anaya. |url=http://www2.sepdf.gob.mx/efemerides/consulta_efemerides.jsp?dia=2&mes=4 |publisher=Secretaria de Educacion Publica del D.F. |accessdate=September 3, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Desemejanzas entre el lider politico y el jefe militar. |url=http://www.senado2010.gob.mx/docs/bibliotecaVirtual/12/2746/74.pdf |publisher=Senate of Mexico. |page=2 |accessdate=September 3, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Se concede licencia al actual presidente para mandar el ejército, y se suprime la vicepresidencia de la República. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Textos/2ImpDictadura/1847LPE.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México. |accessdate=September 3, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
|
| [[Image:Oleo Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[Antonio López de Santa Anna]]'''<br><small>(1794–1876)
| May 20, 1847
| September 15, 1847
| <small>He reassumed the presidency when De Anaya left office to fight in the Mexican American War.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pedro María de Anaya. |url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/mexico/gobernantes/mexico-1821-actualidad/pedro-maria-anaya/ |publisher=Presidencia de la Republica. |accessdate=September 3, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tropas mexicanas al mando de Pedro María Anaya y Manuel Rincón luchan contra las fuerzas al mando de Scott en Churubusco. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/8/20081847.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México. |accessdate=September 3, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''18'''
| [[Image:Manuel de la Peña y Peña.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[Manuel de la Peña y Peña]]'''<br><small>(1789–1850)
| September 16, 1847
| November 13, 1847
| <small>As president of the [[Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation|Supreme Court]], he assumed the presidency after Santa Anna's resignation.<ref>{{cite web |title=El Presidente de la República, a sus compatriotas. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Textos/2ImpDictadura/1847SanaComp-.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México. |accessdate=September 3, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Manuel de la Peña y Peña |url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/mexico/gobernantes/mexico-1821-actualidad/manuel-de-la-pena-y-pena/ |publisher=Presidencia de la Republica. |accessdate=September 3, 2011}}</ref></small>
|-
|
| [[Image:Pedro M. Anaya.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[Pedro María de Anaya]]'''<br><small>(1795–1854)
| November 13, 1847
| January 8, 1848
| <small>He was appointed interim president by Congress when De Herrera left office in order to negotiate peace with the United States.
|-
|
| [[Image:Manuel de la Peña y Peña.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[Manuel de la Peña y Peña]]'''<br><small>(1789–1850)
| January 8, 1848
| June 3, 1848
| <small>He reassumed office as provisional president when De Anaya resigned</br>after refusing to give any land to the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=El general Pedro María Anaya asume la presidencia de la República. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/11/13111847-PMA.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México. |accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> During his term, he signed the [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]].</small>
|-
|
| [[Image:Jose Joaquin de Herrera Oleo (480x600).png|100px]]
| '''[[José Joaquín de Herrera]]'''<br><small>(1792–1854)
| June 3, 1848
| January 15, 1851
| <small>He was the second president to finish his term and peacefully turned over the presidency to the winner of the Federal Elections of 1850, General Mariano Arista.<ref>{{cite web |title=Herrera, José Joaquín de. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Biografias/HJJ92.html |publisher=Memoria Política de México. |accessdate=July 19, 2012}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''19'''
| [[Image:Mariano Arista Oleo (480x600).png|100px]]
| '''[[Mariano Arista]]'''<br><small>(1802–1855)
| January 15, 1851
| January 5, 1853
| <small>He resigned on January 5, 1853 when Congress refuse to give him extraordinary powers to fight the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio, which its goal was bring to Santa Anna once again to the presidency.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tras reñidas elecciones, el general Mariano Arista asume pacíficamente la presidencia de la República. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/1/15011851-AM.html|publisher=Memoria Política de México. |accessdate=July 19, 2012}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''20'''
| [[Image:Juan Bautista Ceballos Oleo (480x600).png|100px]]
| '''[[Juan Bautista Ceballos]]'''<br><small>(1811–1859)
| January 5, 1853
| February 7, 1853
| <small>As president of the Supreme Court, he was proposed by President Arista as his succesor and confirmed the same day as interim president by Congress.<ref>{{cite web |title=Juan Bautista Ceballos asume el poder ejecutivo tras la renuncia del presidente Mariano Arista. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/1/06011853-CJB.html|publisher=Memoria Política de México. |accessdate=July 19, 2012}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''21'''
| [[Image:Manuel María Lombardini.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[Manuel María Lombardini]]'''<br><small>(1802–1853)
| February 8, 1853
| April 20, 1853
| <small>He was appointed provisional president by Congress when Ceballos resigned because of the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lombardini asume la Presidencia. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/2/07021853.html|publisher=Memoria Política de México. |accessdate=July 19, 2012}}</ref></small>
|-
|
| [[Image:Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna 1850 (480x600).png|100px]]
| '''[[Antonio López de Santa Anna]]'''<br><small>(1794–1876)
| April 20, 1853
| August 9, 1855
| <small>He swore as President but ruled as dictator.</br>He called himself "Su Alteza Serenisima" (Serene Highness).<ref>{{cite web |title=Santa Anna. |url=http://www2.sepdf.gob.mx/efemerides/consulta_efemerides.jsp?dia=20&mes=|publisher=Secretaria de Educacion Publica del D.F. |accessdate=July 19, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=López de Santa Anna y Pérez Lebrón Antonio. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Biografias/LSA94.html|publisher=Memoria Política de México. |accessdate=July 19, 2012}}</ref></br>From this period, the only lasting thing is the [[Himno Nacional Mexicano|Mexican National Anthem]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Símbolos patrios de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. |url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/china/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=144&op=page&SubMenu=|publisher=Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores |accessdate=July 26, 2012}}</ref><ref name=Ayutla>{{cite web |title=Al triunfo del Plan de Ayutla, Santa Anna sale de México. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/8/09081855.html|publisher=Memoria Política de México. |accessdate=July 26, 2012}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''22'''
| [[Image:Martín Carrera.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[Martín Carrera]]'''<br><small>(1806–1871)
| August 9, 1855
| September 12, 1855
| <small>He was appointed interim president after the triumph of the [[Plan of Ayutla]]</br>but he took office until August 15.<ref name=Ayutla /><ref>{{cite web |title=Martín Carrera. |url=http://www2.sepdf.gob.mx/efemerides/consulta_efemerides.jsp?dia=9&mes=8|publisher=Secretaria de Educacion Publica del Distrito Federal. |accessdate=July 26, 2012}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''23'''
| [[Image:Rómulo Díaz de la Vega.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[Rómulo Díaz de la Vega]]'''<br><small>(1800–1877)
| September 12, 1855
| October 4, 1855
| <small>He served as [[de facto]] president after Carrera's resignation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Martín Carrera. |url=http://www.bicentenario.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=595|publisher=Gobierno Federal de Mexico. |accessdate=August 9, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=El general Rómulo Díaz de la Vega asume de facto la presidencia de la República. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/9/12091855-DVR.html|publisher=Memoria Política de México. |accessdate=August 9, 2012}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''24'''
| [[Image:Juan Alvarez.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[Juan Álvarez]]'''<br><small>(1790–1867)
| October 4, 1855
| December 11, 1855
|<small>He was appointed interim president by a council integrated with one representative of each state after the triumph of the Revolution of Ayutla.<ref>{{cite web |title=Juan Álvarez. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Biografias/ALJ90.html|publisher=Memoria Política de México. |accessdate=August 9, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1855 Decreto del gobierno. Se nombra presidente de la República al general D. Juan Alvarez. |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Textos/3Reforma/1855DPR.html|publisher=Memoria Política de México. |accessdate=August 9, 2012}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''25'''
| [[Image:Ignacio Comonfort.PNG|100px]]
| '''[[Ignacio Comonfort]]'''<br><small>(1812–1863)
| December 11, 1855
| December 17, 1857
|<small>He was appointed interim president by Juan Alvarez when he resigned.</br>He assumed as constitutional president on December 1, 1857.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ignacio Comonfort.|url=http://www.bicentenario.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=597|publisher=Gobierno Federal de México. |accessdate=August 9, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ignacio Comonfort asume la Presidencia.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/12/11121855.html|publisher=Memoria Política de México. |accessdate=August 9, 2012}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''26'''
| [[Image:Benito Juarez Oleo (480x600).png|100px]]
| '''[[Benito Juárez]]'''<br><small>(1806–1872)
| December 18, 1857
| July 18, 1872
|<small>As president of the [[Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation|Supreme Court]], he became interim president after the self-coup of Ignacio Comonfort against the [[Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1857|Constitution of 1857]]. He was arrested and freed by Comonfort. He established a liberal constitutional government on January 18, 1858.<br>The struggle between the Liberal and Conservative forces is known as [[Reform War]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Juárez García Benito Pablo.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Biografias/JGB06.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México. |accessdate=April 29, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
|}
|}


===Liberal Presidents of Mexico during the [[Reform War]] (1858-1867)===
=== Presidents recognized by the Conservatives during the Reform War ===
{{Main|War of the Reform}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|- style="background:#cccccc"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! #!! colspan=2| President !!width="150"| Took office !!width="150"| Left office !!width="80"| Party
|-
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black;" colspan="2" style="width:30%;" | [[President of Mexico|President]]
| * || [[Benito Juárez]] || [[Image:Benito Juarez Presidente.jpg|50px]] || 19 January 1858 || 15 May 1867 || Liberal
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black;" style="width:15%;" | Took office
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black;" style="width:15%;" | Left office
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black;" style="width:38%;" | Notes
|-
| [[Image:Ignacio Comonfort.PNG|60px]]
| '''[[Ignacio Comonfort]]'''<br><small>(1812–1863)
| December 17, 1857
| January 21, 1858
|<small>After the declaration of [[Plan of Tacubaya]], Congress declared that he was not longer president but he was recognized by conservatives as president with absolute powers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Es proclamado el Plan de Tacubaya, con el que los conservadores pretenden derogar la Constitución de 1857.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/12/17121857.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México. |accessdate=April 29, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=El Congreso declara que dejó de ser Presidente de la República don Ignacio Comonfort desde el 17 de diciembre de 1857.|url=http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1861_164/El_Congreso_declara_que_dej_de_ser_Presidente_de_la_Rep_blica_don_Ignacio_Comonfort_desde_el_17_de_diciembre_de_1857.shtml|publisher=500 años de México en documentos. |accessdate=April 29, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
| [[Image:Félix María Zuloaga Oleo (480x600).png|60px]]
| '''[[Félix María Zuloaga]]'''<br><small>(1813–1898)
| January 11, 1858
| December 24, 1858
|<small>After disown Comonfort, Zuloaga was appointed president by the Conservative Party.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tras desconocer a Comonfort, Félix María Zuloaga es nombrado presidente por el partido conservador.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/1/11011858-ZFM.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México. |accessdate=April 30, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
| [[Image:Manuel Robles Pezuela Oleo (480x600).png|60px]]
| '''[[Manuel Robles Pezuela]]'''<br><small>(1817–1862)
| December 24, 1858
| January 23, 1859
|<small>He assumed the conservative presidency with the support of the [[Plan de Navidad]].<ref name="Memoria Politica de México">{{cite web |title=Asume la presidencia del gobierno conservador el general Manuel Robles Pezuela.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/12/24121858-RPM.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México. |accessdate=April 30, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Plan de Navidad.|url=http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1858_147/Plan_de_Navidad_1696.shtml|publisher=Memoria Politica de México. |accessdate=April 30, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
| [[Image:Félix María Zuloaga Oleo (480x600).png|60px]]
| '''[[Félix María Zuloaga]]'''<br><small>(1813–1898)
| January 24, 1859
| February 1, 1859
|<small>He was restored to the presidency by counter-rebellion led by [[Miguel Miramón]].<ref name="Memoria Politica de México"/><ref>{{cite web |title=FÉLIX MARÍA ZULOAGA (1813-1898).|url=http://bicentenario.gob.mx/reforma/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=81|publisher=Bicentenario de México. |accessdate=April 30, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
| [[Image:Miguel Miramón Oleo (480x600).png|60px]]
| '''[[Miguel Miramón]]'''<br><small>(1831–1867)
| February 2, 1859
| August 13, 1860
|<small>He assumed the conservative presidency as substitute when Zuloaga left office.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zuloaga nombra presidente sustituto de la República a Miguel Miramón.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/2/02021859.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México. |accessdate=April 30, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
| [[Image:José Ignacio Pavón.PNG|60px]]
| '''[[José Ignacio Pavón]]'''<br><small>(1791–1866)
| August 13, 1860
| August 15, 1860
|<small>As president of the Supreme Court of the conservative government,<br>he took office for two days when Miramón left office.<ref>{{cite web |title=José Ignacio Pavón, presidente de la Suprema Corte, se encarga durante dos días del poder ejecutivo del gobierno conservador.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/8/13081860-PJI.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México. |accessdate=April 30, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
| [[Image:Miguel Miramón Oleo (480x600).png|60px]]
| '''[[Miguel Miramón]]'''<br><small>(1831–1867)
| August 15, 1860
| December 24, 1860
|<small>He took office as interim president of the conservative government after he was elected<br>by a group of "Representatives of the States" who supported the conservatives.<br>He was defeated at the Battle of Calpulalpan, resigned the presidency and fled the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Toma posesión como presidente interino de la República, Miguel Miramón. Juárez sigue siendo el presidente legal.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/8/15081860.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México. |accessdate=April 30, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
| [[Image:Félix María Zuloaga Oleo (480x600).png|60px]]
| '''[[Félix María Zuloaga]]'''<br><small>(1813–1898)
| May 23, 1860
| December 28, 1862
|<small>Despite having been defeated, the conservatives appointed Zuloaga as president until December 28, when they recognized the Regency who was seeking to reestablish the Mexican Empire.<ref>{{cite web |title=Felix Maria Zuloaga.|url=http://www.chihuahuamexico.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1589&Itemid=30|publisher=Chihuahua, México. |accessdate=April 30, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
|}
|}


== Second Mexican Empire (1863-1867) ==
===Conservative Presidents of Mexico during the [[Reform War]] (1858-1862)===
{{Main|Second Mexican Empire}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|- style="background:#cccccc"
=== Regency ===
!# !! colspan=2| President !!width="150"| Took office !!width="150"| Left office !!width="80"| Party
On June 22, 1863, was established a "Superior Board Governing". On July 11, the Board became the Regency of the Empire.<ref>{{cite web |title=Se establece la regencia del Imperio mexicano.|url=http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1863_162/Se_establece_la_regencia_del_Imperio_mexicano.shtml|publisher=500 años de México. |accessdate=April 30, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Acta de la primera reunión de la Junta Superior de Gobierno.|url=http://www.biblioteca.tv/artman2/publish/1863_162/Acta_de_la_primera_reuni_oacute_n_de_la_Junta_Superior_de_Gobierno.shtml|publisher=500 años de México.|accessdate=April 30, 2013}}</ref>
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
||49 || [[Félix María Zuloaga|Félix Zuloaga]] ||[[Image:Felix Maria Zuloaga.jpg|50px]] || 21 January 1858 || 24 December 1858 || Conservative
|-
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
! style="background:#007BA7; color:white;" colspan="2" | Regent<ref name="Regencia"/>
||50 || [[Manuel Robles Pezuela]] || [[Image:Manuel Robles Pezuela.jpg|50px]] || 24 December 1858 || 21 January 1859 || Conservative
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
! style="background:#007BA7; color:white;" | Took office
! style="background:#007BA7; color:white;" | Left office
||51 || [[José Mariano Salas]] || [[Image:José Mariano Salas.png|50px]] || 21 January 1859 || 2 February 1859 || Conservative
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
! style="background:#007BA7; color:white;" | Notes
|-
||* || [[Félix María Zuloaga|Félix Zuloaga]] || [[Image:Felix Maria Zuloaga.jpg|50px]] || 24 January 1859 || 1 February 1859 || Conservative
| [[Image:Gral. Juan Nepomuceno Almonte.png|50px]]
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
| '''[[Juan Nepomuceno Almonte]]'''
||52 || [[Miguel Miramón]] || [[Image:Miguel Miramon.jpg|50px]] || 2 February 1859 || 12 August 1860 || Conservative
| July 11, 1863
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
| April 10, 1864
||53 || [[José Ignacio Pavón]] || [[File:José Ignacio Pavón.PNG|50px]] || 13 August 1860 || 15 August 1860 || Conservative
|<small></small>
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
|-
||54 || [[Miguel Miramón]] || [[Image:Miguel Miramon.jpg|50px]] || 15 August 1860 || 24 December 1860 || Conservative
| [[Image:Jose Mariano Salas Oleo (480x600).png|50px]]
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
| '''[[José Mariano Salas]]'''
||55 || [[Félix María Zuloaga|Félix Zuloaga]] || [[Image:Felix Maria Zuloaga.jpg|50px]] || 28 December 1860 || 28 December 1862 || Conservative
| July 11, 1863
| April 10, 1864
| <small></small>
|-
| [[Image:Pelagio Antonio de Labastida.png|50px]]
| '''[[Pelagio Antonio de Labastida y Dávalos|Pelagio Antonio de Labastida]]'''
| October 19, 1863
| April 10, 1864
| <small></small>
|}
|}


=== Maximiliano I ===
==[[Second Mexican Empire]] (1863-1867)==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
Between 21 April 1862 to 12 January 1863 [[Juan Almonte|Juan Nepomuceno Almonte]] was recognized by the conservatives as the ''Supreme head of the Mexican Nation'' and between 20 June 1863 to 25 June 1863, [[Teodosio Lares]] was the president the ''Assembly Superior of Government of Mexico''. In 25 June 1863, the [[Supreme Executive Power]] was integrated, and this organization was responsible for convening the creation of the Second Mexican Empire with a creation of the Regency.
|-
! style="background:#800000; color:white;" colspan="2" | Emperor
! style="background:#800000; color:white;" | Coat of Arms
! style="background:#800000; color:white;" | Reign Start
! style="background:#800000; color:white;" | Reign Ended
! style="background:#800000; color:white;" | Royal House
! style="background:#800000; color:white;" colspan="2" | Consort
|-
| [[Image:Emperador Maximiliano I de Mexico.jpg|110px]]
| style="width:12%;" | '''[[Maximiliano I of Mexico|Maximiliano I]]'''<br><small>(1832–1867)
| [[Image:Coat of Arms of the Second Mexican Empire.svg|120px]]
| April 10, 1864
| June 19, 1867
| [[House_of_Habsburg#Holy_Roman_Emperors.2C_Archdukes_of_Austria|Habsburg-Lorraine]]
| [[Image:Emperatriz Carlota I de Mexico.png|110px]]
| style="width:12%;" | '''[[Carlota of Mexico]]'''<br><small>(1840–1927)
|-
|}


=== Regency (1863-1864) ===
== Restored Republic (1867-1876) ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|- style="background:#cccccc"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!# !! colspan=2| Regents !!width="150"| Took office !!width="150"| Left office !!width="80"| Party
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:2%;" | No.<br />
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:30%;" colspan="2" | [[President of Mexico|President]]
|rowspan=5|10 || [[Juan Almonte|Juan Nepomuceno Almonte]] || [[Image:Juan Nepomuceno Almonte.jpg|50px]] || 11 Jul 1863 || 10 April 1864 || Conservative
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:15%;" | Took office
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:15%;" | Left office
|| [[José Mariano Salas]] || [[Image:José Mariano Salas.png|50px]] || 11 Jul 1863 || 10 April 1864 || Conservative
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:38%;" | Notes
|-
|| [[Juan Bautista de Ormaechea y Ernaiz]] || [[Image:Coat of arms of Mexico (1864-1867).svg|50px]] || 11 Jul 1863 || 10 April 1864 || Conservative
| rowspan="5" |
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
| rowspan="5" | [[Image:Benito Juarez Oleo (480x600).png|100px]]
|| [[Pelagio Antonio de Labastida y Dávalos]] || [[Image:Pelagio Antonio de Labastida y Dávalos, portrait.jpg|50px]]
| rowspan="5" | '''[[Benito Juárez]]'''<br><small>(1806–1872)
|| 11 Jul 1863 || 10 April 1864 || Conservative
| December 18, 1857
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
| June 11, 1861
|| [[José Ignacio Pavón]] || [[Image:José Ignacio Pavón.PNG|50px]]
| rowspan="5" | <small>The first term he was interim president during the [[Reform War]].</br>The second term was appointed constitutional president by Congress.</br>The third term was an extension of the second, consequence of the [[French intervention in Mexico|invasion]].</br>The fourth and fifth terms were after the triumph of the Republic.</small>
|| 11 Jul 1863 || 10 April 1864 || Conservative
|-
| June 11, 1861
| November 30, 1865
|-
| December 1, 1865
| December 7, 1867
|-
| December 8, 1867
| October 11, 1871
|-
| October 12, 1871
| July 18, 1872
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''27'''
| rowspan="2" | [[Image:Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada Oleo (480x600).png|100px]]
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada]]'''<br><small>(1823–1889)
| July 18, 1872
| November 30, 1872
| rowspan="2" |<small>As president of the [[Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation|Supreme Court]], he became interim president after the death of Juarez. He was overthrown by the Revolution of Tuxtepec and left office ten days before the end of his term.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lerdo de Tejada Sebastián.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Biografias/LTS23.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 1, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
| December 1, 1872
| November 20, 1876
|-
| '''28'''
| [[Image:José María Iglesias Oleo (480x600).png|100px]]
| '''[[José María Iglesias]]'''<br><small>(1823–1891)
| October 26, 1876
| November 28, 1876
|<small>As president of the [[Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation|Supreme Court]], he declared himself interim president when Congress declared the reelection of Lerdo de Tejada. When Lerdo de Tejada went to exile on November 20, he became constitutional interim president.<ref>{{cite web |title=El Congreso declara la reelección de Lerdo de Tejada y José Ma. Iglesias se da a la rebeldía.|url=http://memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/10/26101876.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 1, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
|}
|}


== Porfiriato (1876-1911) ==
===[[Maximilian of Mexico|Maximilian I]] (1864-1867)===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|- style="background:#cccccc"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!# !! colspan=2 | Emperor !! Reign Start !! Reign Ended !! Royal House !! colspan=2 | Consort
|- style="background:#ccccff"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:2%;" | No.<br />
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:30%;" colspan="2" | [[President of Mexico|President]]
||2 || [[Maximilian of Mexico|Maximilian I]] || [[Image:X-Large Portrait of Maximiliano.jpg|50px]] || 10 April 1864 || 15 May 1867 || [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] || [[Charlotte of Belgium]] || [[Image:Charlotte, Empress of Mexico.jpg|50px]]
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:15%;" | Took office
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:15%;" | Left office
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:38%;" | Notes
|-
| '''29'''
| [[Image:Porfirio Diaz en 1867.png|100px]]
| '''[[Porfirio Díaz]]'''<br><small>(1830–1915)
| November 28, 1876
| December 6, 1876
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He became provisional president when Iglesias went to exile.<ref>{{cite web |title=Porfirio Díaz asume el poder por primera vez.|url=http://memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/11/28111876.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 1, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''30'''
| [[Image:Juan Nepomuceno Méndez Oleo (480x600).png|100px]]
| '''[[Juan Nepomuceno Méndez]]'''<br><small>(1824–1894)
| December 6, 1876
| February 17, 1877
|<small>He was appointed substitute president by Díaz when he left office to fight the supporters of Lerdo de Tejada.<ref>{{cite web |title=El general Juan N. Méndez ocupa la presidencia en tanto Porfirio Díaz termina con los últimos reductos de las fuerzas de Iglesias y de Lerdo de Tejada.|url=http://memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/12/06121876-MJN.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 1, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
|
| [[Image:Porfirio Diaz en 1867.png|100px]]
| '''[[Porfirio Díaz]]'''<br><small>(1830–1915)
| February 17, 1877
| November 30, 1880
|<small>He reassumed the presidency. On May 2, he was appointed constitutional president by Congress.<ref>SEP.|accessdate=May 1, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Porfirio Díaz es nombrado presidente constitucional de la República.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/5/05051877.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 1, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''31'''
| [[Image:President Manuel Gonzalez.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Manuel González Flores]]'''<br><small>(1833–1893)
| December 1, 1880
| November 30, 1884
|<small>He was the winner of the federal elections of 1880.<ref>{{cite web |title=El general Manuel González toma posesión como presidente constitucional.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/12/01121880-GM.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 1, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
| rowspan="7" |
| rowspan="7" | [[Image:Porfirio diaz.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="7" | '''[[Porfirio Díaz]]'''<br><small>(1830–1915)
| December 1, 1884
| November 30, 1888
| rowspan="5" |<small>He was the winner of the federal elections of 1884, 1888, 1892, 1896, 1900, 1904 and 1910.</br>He resigned during his 7th term after the triumph of the [[Mexican Revolution]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Díaz Mori Porfirio.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Biografias/DIM30.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 1, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
| December 1, 1888
| November 30, 1892
|-
| December 1, 1892
| November 30, 1886
|-
| December 1, 1896
| November 30, 1900
|-
| December 1, 1900
| November 30, 1904
|-
| December 1, 1904
| November 30, 1910
| rowspan="2" |<small>'''[[Vice President of Mexico|Vice President]]'''</small></br>[[Ramón Corral]]</br><small>'''(since 1904)'''</small>
|-
| December 1, 1910
| May 25, 1911
|-
|}
|}


== Revolution (1910-1920) ==
==Second Republic of Mexico (1867-present)==
{{Main|Mexican Revolution}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
===Presidents of Mexico (1867-1911)===
|-
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|- style="background:#cccccc"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:2%;" | No.
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:30%;" colspan="2" | [[President of Mexico|President]]
!# !! colspan=2| President !!width="150"| Took office !!width="150"| Left office !!width="80"| Party
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:15%;" | Took office
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:15%;" | Left office
||56 || [[Benito Juárez]] || [[Image:Benito Juarez Presidente.jpg|50px]] || 15 May 1867 || 18 July 1872 || Liberal
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:38%;" | Notes
|-
||57 || [[Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada]] || [[Image:Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada.jpg|50px]] || 19 July 1872 || 20 November 1876 || Liberal
| '''32'''
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
| [[Image:Francisco León.jpg|100px]]
||58 || [[José María Iglesias]]<ref>[http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/mexico/gobernantes/ Gobernantes presidencia.gob.mx]</ref> || [[Image:José María Iglesias.jpg|50px]] || 31 October 1876 || 15 March 1877 || Liberal
| '''[[Francisco León de la Barra]]'''<br><small>(1836–1939)
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
| May 25, 1911
||59 || [[Porfirio Díaz]] || [[Image:Porfirio Diaz civilian.jpg|50px]] || 28 November 1876 || 6 December 1876 || Liberal
| November 5, 1911
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
| style="width:30%;" |<small>According the "Treaties of Ciudad Juárez", he assumed as interim president. Immediately called for elections.<ref>{{cite web |title=León de la Barra Francisco.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Biografias/LBF63.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 1, 2013}}</ref></small>
||60 || [[Juan N. Méndez]] || [[Image:Juan N Mendez.jpg|50px]] || 6 December 1876 || 17 February 1877 || Liberal
|-
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
| rowspan="2" | '''33'''
||61 || [[Porfirio Díaz]] || [[Image:Porfirio Diaz civilian.jpg|50px]] || 17 February 1877 || 30 November 1880 || Liberal
| rowspan="2" | [[Image:Presidente Francisco I. Madero.jpg|100px]]
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Francisco I. Madero]]'''<br><small>(1873–1913)
||62 || [[Manuel González Flores|Manuel González]] || [[Image:President Manuel Gonzalez.jpg|50px]] || 1 December 1880 || 30 November 1884 || Liberal
| rowspan="2" | November 6, 1911
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
| rowspan="2" | February 19, 1913
||63 || [[Porfirio Díaz]] || [[Image:Porfirio Diaz civilian.jpg|50px]] || 1 December 1884 || 25 May 1911 || Liberal
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was the winner of the special election of 1911.</br>He was overthrown by a coup known as [[Ten Tragic Days]] in which were involved [[Victoriano Huerta]], [[Felix Diaz]] and the american ambassador [[Henry Lane Wilson|Henry L. Wilson]]. He was murderer two days later along with the vice president Pino Suarez.<ref>{{cite web |title=Francisco I. Madero asume el cargo de la Presidente de la República.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/11/06111911.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 1, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Se consuma la traición: Huerta y Wilson firman el Pacto de la Embajada.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/2/19021913.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 1, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
| <small>'''[[Vice President of Mexico|Vice President]]'''</small></br>[[José María Pino Suárez]]
|-
| '''34'''
| [[Image:Pedro Lascurain (480x600).jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Pedro Lascuráin]]'''<br><small>(1856–1952)
| colspan="2" | February 19, 1913
| style="width:30%;" |<small>As [[Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)|Secretary of Foreign Affairs]], he assumed as interim president according the constitution. In about 45 minutes, he appointed [[Victoriano Huerta]] as [[Secretariat of the Interior (Mexico)|Secretary of Interior]] and then resigned to the Presidency.<ref>{{cite web |title=Por sólo cuarenta y cinco minutos, Pedro Lascuráin Paredes asume el cargo de presidente interino.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/2/19021913-LP.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 2, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''35'''
| [[Image:V Huerta.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Victoriano Huerta]]'''<br><small>(1850–1916)
| February 19, 1913
| July 15, 1914
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He assumed office via a coup against [[Francisco I. Madero]], whom himself ordered to kill. He was defeated by [[Constitutionalist Army|constitutionalist army]] led by [[Governor of Coahuila]], [[Venustiano Carranza]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Victoriano Huerta asume la presidencia y rinde la protesta de ley ante los diputados.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/2/19021913a.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 2, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Victoriano Huerta, vencido por las fuerzas constitucionalistas, renuncia a la Presidencia de la República.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/7/15071914.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 2, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''36'''
| [[Image:Francisco Sebastián Carvajal.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Francisco S. Carvajal]]'''<br><small>(1870–1932)
| July 15, 1914
| August 13, 1914
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He assumed as Interim President after the resignation of Huerta.</br>He resigned after the signing of the ''Treaties of Teoloyucan''.<ref>{{cite web |title=FRANCISCO S. CARVAJAL.|url=http://www.bicentenario.gob.mx/acces/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=614:francisco-s-carvajal&catid=28:epoca-independiente&Itemid=35|publisher=Bicentenario de México.|accessdate=May 2, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
| rowspan="4" | '''37'''
| rowspan="4" | [[Image:Presidente Venustiano Carrranza (480x600).jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="4" | '''[[Venustiano Carranza]]'''<br><small>(1860–1920)
| colspan="2" | '''Head of the Executive Power'''</br>'''[[Constitutional Army|First Chief of the Constitucionalist Army]]'''
| rowspan="4" |<small>He served as Head of the Executive Power after the resignation of Carvajal.</br>He convoked a Constitutional Convention which enacted the [[Political Constitution of the United Mexican States]]. He won the federal election of 1917 and took office as Constitucional President on May 1, 1917.</br>He was killed during the [[Plan of Agua Prieta|Rebellion of Agua Prieta]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Carranza Garza Venustiano.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Biografias/CGV59.html|publisher=Bicentenario de México.|accessdate=May 2, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
| August 14, 1914
| April 30, 1917
|-
| colspan="2" | '''[[President of Mexico]]'''
|-
| May 1, 1917
| May 21, 1920
|-
| '''38'''
| [[Image:Adolfo de la Huerta.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Adolfo de la Huerta]]'''<br><small>(1881–1955)
| June 1, 1920
| November 30, 1920
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was appointed provisional president by Congress.<ref>{{cite web |title=Adolfo de la Huerta asume la presidencia provisional de la República.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/6/01061920.html|publisher=Bicentenario de México.|accessdate=May 2, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''39'''
| [[Image:Obregón Salido, Álvaro.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Álvaro Obregón]]'''<br><small>(1880–1928)
| December 1, 1920
| November 30, 1924
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was the winner of the federal elections of 1920.<ref>{{cite web |title=Obregón Salido Álvaro.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Biografias/OSA80.html|publisher=Bicentenario de México.|accessdate=May 2, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
| '''40'''
| [[Image:Plutarco Elias Calles.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Plutarco Elías Calles]]'''<br><small>(1877–1945)
| December 1, 1924
| November 30, 1928
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was the winner of the federal elections of 1924.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elías Calles Campuzano Plutarco.|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Biografias/ECP77.html|publisher=Bicentenario de México.|accessdate=May 2, 2013}}</ref></small>
|}
|}


===Presidents of Mexico during the [[Mexican Revolution]] (1911-1920)===
=== Presidents recognized by the Convention of Aguascalientes ===
{{Main|Convention of Aguascalientes}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|- style="background:#cccccc"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!# !! colspan=2| President !! Elected !!width="150"| Took office !!width="150"| Left office !!width="80"| Party
|-
|- style="background:#ffeeee"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black;" colspan="2" style="width:30%;" | [[President of Mexico|President]]
||64 || [[Francisco León de la Barra]] || [[Image:Francisco León.jpg|50px]] || — || 25 May 1911 || 6 November 1911 || Democratic Liberal (PLD)
|- style="background:#EEDDCC"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black;" style="width:15%;" | Took office
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black;" style="width:15%;" | Left office
||65 || [[Francisco I. Madero]] || [[Image:Francisco I Madero.jpg|50px]] || — || 6 November 1911 || 19 February 1913 || ''Anti-reelectionist''<br/>Progressive Constitutional (PCP)
|- style="background:#EEDDCC"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black;" style="width:38%;" | Notes
|-
||66 || [[Pedro Lascuráin]] || [[Image:Pedro Lascurain.jpg|50px]] || — || colspan="2"| 19 February 1913 <br>(c. 45 minutes) || ''Anti-reelectionist''<br/>Progressive Constitutional (PCP)
| [[Image:Eulalio Gutierrez sentado.png|60px]]
|- style="background:#ffeeee"
| '''[[Eulalio Gutiérrez]]'''<br><small>(1881–1939)
||67 || [[Victoriano Huerta]] || [[Image:Victoriano Huerta.jpg|50px]] || — || 19 February 1913 || 15 July 1914 || Democratic Liberal (PDL)
| November 6, 1914
|- style="background:#ffeeee"
| January 16, 1915
||68 || [[Francisco S. Carvajal]] || [[Image:Francisco S Carvajal.jpg|50px]] || — || 15 July 1914 || 13 August 1914 || Democratic Liberal (PLD)
|<small>He was appointed provisional president by the [[Convention of Aguascalientes]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Eulalio Gutiérrez Ortiz asume la presidencia del gobierno convencionista.|url=http://memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/10/03101914-EG-TP.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 10, 2013}}</ref></small>
|- style="background:#FBE5C4"
|-
||69 || [[Venustiano Carranza]] || [[Image:Venustiano Carranza de la Garza, portrait.jpg|50px]] || [[Mexican general election, 1917|1917]] || 20 August 1914 || 24 May 1920 || Liberal Constitutionalist (PLC)
| [[Image:Roque González Garza.PNG|60px]]
|-
| '''[[Roque González Garza]]'''<br><small>(1885–1962)
|rowspan=3| * || [[Eulalio Gutiérrez]] || [[Image:Eulalio Gutierrez.jpg|50px]] || — || 6 November 1914 || 16 January 1915 ||rowspan="3"| '''No Party'''<br/>[[Conventionists (Mexico)|Conventionists]]
| January 16, 1915
|-
| June 10, 1915
|| [[Roque González Garza]] || [[File:Roque González Garza.PNG|50px]] || — || 16 January 1915 || 10 June 1915
|<small>He was appointed provisional president by the [[Convention of Aguascalientes]]<br>after Gutierrez left [[Mexico City]].<ref>{{cite web |title=El presidente provisional, nombrado por la Convención, Eulalio Gutiérrez, huye de México con los fondos de la Tesorería. Lo sucede Roque González Garza.|url=http://memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/1/16011915.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 10, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
|-
|| [[Francisco Lagos Cházaro]] || [[Image:Franciscolagosc.jpg|50px]] || — || 10 June 1915 || 10 October 1915
| [[Image:Francisco Lagos Chazaro.png|60px]]
|- style="background:#FBE5C4"
| '''[[Francisco Lagos Cházaro]]'''<br><small>(1878–1932)
||70 || [[Adolfo de la Huerta]] || [[Image:Adolfo de la Huerta.jpg|50px]] || — || 24 May 1920 || 30 November 1920 || Liberal Constitutionalist (PLC)
| June 10, 1915
| October 10, 1915
|<small>He assumed as provisional president when González Garza resigned.<br>He was the last president of the Convention.<ref>{{cite web |title=Francisco Lagos Cházaro se convierte en el último presidente del gobierno de la Convención.|url=http://memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/6/10061915-FChF.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 10, 2013}}</ref></small>
|-
|}
|}


== Maximato (1928-1934) ==
===Presidents of Mexico since the [[Mexican Revolution]] (since 1920)===
{{Main|Maximato}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|- style="background:#cccccc"
; Party
!# !! colspan=2| President !! Elected !!width="150"| Took office !!width="150"| Left office !!width="80"| Party
{{legend2|#009000|[[Institutional Revolutionary Party|National Revolutionary Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
|- style="background:#ffffcc"

! style="background:yellow;"| 71
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
| [[Álvaro Obregón]] || [[Image:Álvaro Obregón.png|50px]] || [[Mexican general election, 1920|1920]] || 1 December 1920 || 30 November 1924 || [[Laborist Party (Mexico)|Mexican Laborist Party (PLM)]]
|-
|- style="background:#ffffcc"
! style="background:yellow;"|72
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:2%;" | No.
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:30%;" colspan="2" | [[President of Mexico|President]]
| [[Plutarco Elías Calles]] || [[Image:Plutarco Elias Calles.jpg|50px]] || [[Mexican general election, 1924|1924]] || 1 December 1924 || 30 November 1928 || [[Laborist Party (Mexico)|Mexican Laborist Party (PLM)]]
|- style="background:#FFAEA5"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:15%;" | Took office
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"|73
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:15%;" | Left office
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:38%;" | Notes
| [[Emilio Portes Gil]]<ref>Appointed interim by Congress after president-elect Obregón was assassinated</ref> || [[File:Emilio Portes Gil.PNG|50px]] || [[Mexican general election, 1928|1928]] || 1 December 1928 || 5 February 1930 || [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|National Revolutionary Party (PNR)]]
|-
|- style="background:#FFAEA5"
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"|74
! style="background:#009000;" | {{color|white|41}}
| [[Image:Emilio Portes, portrait.jpg|100px]]
| [[Pascual Ortiz Rubio]]<ref>Resigned</ref> || [[Image:Pascual Ortiz Rubio.jpg|50px]] || [[Mexican general election, 1929|1929]] || 5 February 1930 || 2 September 1932 || [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|National Revolutionary Party (PNR)]]
| '''[[Emilio Portes Gil]]'''<br><small>(1890–1978)
|- style="background:#FFAEA5"
| December 1, 1928
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"|75
| February 4, 1930
| [[Abelardo L. Rodríguez]]<ref>Appointed substitute after president Ortiz Rubio's resignation</ref> || [[Image:Abelardo.rodriguez.jpg|50px]] || — || 2 September 1932 || 30 November 1934 || [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|National Revolutionary Party (PNR)]]
| style="width:30%;" |<small>After the assassination of president-elect [[Alvaro Obregón]], he was appointed interim president by Congress.<ref>{{cite web |title=Portes Gil Emilio.|url=http://memoriapoliticademexico.org/Biografias/PGE90.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 10, 2013}}</ref></small>
|- style="background:#FFAEA5"
|-
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"|76
! style="background:#009000;" | {{color|white|42}}
| [[Lázaro Cárdenas]] || [[Image:Lazaro cardenas2.jpg|50px]] || [[Mexican general election, 1934|1934]] || 1 December 1934 || 30 November 1940<ref>By Constitutional reform to article 83, the term of office was expanded to 6 years with no possibility of reelection</ref> || [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|National Revolutionary Party (PNR)]]<ref>[http://www.lorenzomeyer.org/Articulos-Revistas/38.pdf Lazaro Cardenas PNR]</ref>
| [[Image:Pascual Rubio, portrait.jpg|100px]]
|- style="background:#FFAEA5"
| '''[[Pascual Ortiz Rubio]]'''<br><small>(1877–1963)
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"|77
| February 5, 1930
| [[Manuel Ávila Camacho]] || [[Image:Manuel Avila Camacho.jpg|50px]] || [[Mexican general election, 1940|1940]] || 1 December 1940 || 30 November 1946 || [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|Party of the Mexican Revolution (PRM)]]
| September 4, 1932
|- style="background:#FFAEA5"
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was the winner of the federal elections of 1929.<br>He resigned from the intervention of Calles in his government.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pascual Ortiz Rubio sufre un atentado y resulta herido durante su toma posesión de la Presidencia de la República.|url=http://memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/2/05021930.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 10, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ortíz Rubio renuncia a la Presidencia. Ejerció su mandato en el periodo del "Maximato" llamado así por el poder real ejercido por Calles.|url=http://memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/9/02091932.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 10, 2013}}</ref></small>
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"|78
|-
| [[Miguel Alemán Valdés]] || [[Image:Miguel Aleman V.gif|50px]] || [[Mexican general election, 1946|1946]] || 1 December 1946 || 30 November 1952 || [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)]]
|- style="background:#FFAEA5"
! style="background:#009000;" | {{color|white|43}}
| [[Image:Abelardo.rodriguez.jpg|100px]]
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"|79
| '''[[Abelardo L. Rodríguez]]'''<br><small>(1889–1967)
| [[Adolfo Ruiz Cortines]] || [[Image:Adolfo Ruiz Cortines.gif|50px]] || [[Mexican general election, 1952|1952]] || 1 December 1952 || 30 November 1958 || [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)]]
| September 4, 1932
|- style="background:#FFAEA5"
| November 30, 1934
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"|80
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was appointed substitute president by Congress to conclude the term 1930-1934.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rodríguez Abelardo L.|url=http://memoriapoliticademexico.org/Biografias/RAL89.html|publisher=Memoria Politica de México.|accessdate=May 10, 2013}}</ref></small>
| [[Adolfo López Mateos]] || [[Image:Lopez Mateos.jpg|50px]] || [[Mexican general election, 1958|1958]] || 1 December 1958 || 30 November 1964 || [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)]]
|-
|- style="background:#FFAEA5"
|}
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 81

| [[Gustavo Díaz Ordaz]] || [[File:Presidente Diaz Ordaz.jpg|50px]] || [[Mexican general election, 1964|1964]] || 1 December 1964 || 30 November 1970 || [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)]]
== Modern Mexico (Six-Year Term) ==
|- style="background:#FFAEA5"
{{Main|Sexenio (Mexico)}}
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 82
After the contitutional reform of 1933, the presidential term in Mexico was extended to six years without the possibility of reelection. After the [[Mexican general election, 1934|federal election of 1934]] all the presidents have completed their terms.
| [[Luis Echeverría]] || [[File:Presidente Echeverria.jpg|50px]] || [[Mexican general election, 1970|1970]] || 1 December 1970 || 30 November 1976 || [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)]]

|- style="background:#FFAEA5"
; Parties
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 83
| [[José López Portillo]] || [[Image:Jose Lopez Portillo.jpg|50px]] || [[Mexican general election, 1976|1976]] || 1 December 1976 || 30 November 1982 || [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)]]
{{legend2|#009000|[[Institutional Revolutionary Party|National Revolutionary Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#006600|[[Institutional Revolutionary Party|Party of the Mexican Revolution]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
|- style="background:#FFAEA5"
{{legend2|{{National Action Party (Mexico)/meta/color}}|[[National Action Party (Mexico)|National Action Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 84
{{legend2|{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}}|[[Institutional Revolutionary Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
| [[Miguel de la Madrid]] || [[Image:De la madrid1.jpg|50px]] || [[Mexican general election, 1982|1982]] || 1 December 1982 || 30 November 1988 || [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)]]

|- style="background:#FFAEA5"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 85
|-
| [[Carlos Salinas de Gortari]] || [[Image:Carlos Salinas.jpg|50px]] || [[Mexican general election, 1988|1988]] || 1 December 1988 || 30 November 1994 || [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)]]
|- style="background:#FFAEA5"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:2%;" | No.
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 86
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:30%;" colspan="2" | [[President of Mexico|President]]
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:15%;" | Took office
| [[Ernesto Zedillo]] || [[Image:Ernesto Zedillo World Economic Forum (2008).jpg|50px]] || [[Mexican general election, 1994|1994]] || 1 December 1994 || 30 November 2000 || [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)]]
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:15%;" | Left office
! style="background:{{National Action Party (Mexico)/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 87
! style="background:#C0C0C0; color:black; width:38%;" | Notes
|-
| [[Vicente Fox]] || [[Image:Vicente Fox flag.jpg|50px]] || [[Mexican general election, 2000|2000]] || 1 December 2000 || 30 November 2006 || [[National Action Party (Mexico)|National Action Party (PAN)]]
|- style="background:#ddeeff"
! style="background:#009000;" | {{color|white|44}}
| [[Image:Lazaro cardenas2.jpg|100px]]
! style="background:{{National Action Party (Mexico)/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 88
| '''[[Lázaro Cárdenas del Río]]'''<br><small>(1895–1970)
| [[Felipe Calderón]] || [[Image:Felipe Calderon 20090130.jpg|50px]] || [[Mexican general election, 2006|2006]] || 1 December 2006 || 30 November 2012 || [[National Action Party (Mexico)|National Action Party (PAN)]]
| December 1, 1934
|- style="background:#FFAEA5"
| November 30, 1940
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}}; color:white;"| 89
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was the winner of the federal elections of 1934.
| [[Enrique Peña Nieto]] || [[Image:14-02-2013 VISITA DE EPN A BAHÍA DE BANDERAS.jpg|50px]] || [[Mexican general election, 2012|2012]] || 1 December 2012 || Incumbent<br><small>(Term expires ''30 November 2018'')</small> || [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)]]
|-
! style="background:#006600;" | {{color|white|45}}
| [[Image:Manuel Ávila Camacho, portrait.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Manuel Ávila Camacho]]'''<br><small>(1896–1955)
| December 1, 1940
| November 30, 1946
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was the winner of the federal elections of 1940.
|-
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}};" | {{color|white|46}}
| [[Image:Miguel Aleman.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Miguel Alemán Valdés]]'''<br><small>(1900–1983)
| December 1, 1946
| November 30, 1952
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was the winner of the federal elections of 1946.
|-
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}};" | {{color|white|47}}
| [[Image:Adolfo Ruiz Cortines.png|100px]]
| '''[[Adolfo Ruiz Cortines]]'''<br><small>(1889–1973)
| December 1, 1952
| November 30, 1958
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was the winner of the federal elections of 1952.
|-
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}};" | {{color|white|48}}
| [[Image:Lopez Mateos.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Adolfo López Mateos]]'''<br><small>(1910–1969)
| December 1, 1958
| November 30, 1964
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was the winner of the federal elections of 1958.
|-
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}};" | {{color|white|49}}
| [[Image:Presidente Diaz Ordaz.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Gustavo Díaz Ordaz]]'''<br><small>(1911–1979)
| December 1, 1964
| November 30, 1970
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was the winner of the federal elections of 1964.
|-
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}};" | {{color|white|50}}
| [[Image:Presidente Echeverria.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Luis Echeverría]]'''<br><small>(1922)
| December 1, 1970
| November 30, 1976
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was the winner of the federal elections of 1970.
|-
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}};" | {{color|white|51}}
| [[Image:Lopez Portillo 1979.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[José López Portillo]]'''<br><small>(1920–2004)
| December 1, 1976
| November 30, 1982
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was the winner of the federal elections of 1976.
|-
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}};" | {{color|white|52}}
| [[Image:De la madrid1.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Miguel de la Madrid]]'''<br><small>(1934–2012)
| December 1, 1982
| November 30, 1988
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was the winner of the federal elections of 1982.
|-
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}};" | {{color|white|53}}
| [[Image:Carlos Salinas.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Carlos Salinas de Gortari]]'''<br><small>(1948–)
| December 1, 1988
| November 30, 1994
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was the winner of the federal elections of 1988.
|-
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}};" | {{color|white|54}}
| [[Image:Ernesto Zedillo World Economic Forum (2008).jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Ernesto Zedillo]]'''<br><small>(1951–)
| December 1, 1994
| November 30, 2000
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was the winner of the federal elections of 1994.
|-
! style="background:{{National Action Party (Mexico)/meta/color}};" | {{color|white|55}}
| [[Image:Vicente Fox flag.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Vicente Fox]]'''<br><small>(1942–)
| December 1, 2000
| November 30, 2006
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was the winner of the federal elections of 2000.
|-
! style="background:{{National Action Party (Mexico)/meta/color}};" | {{color|white|56}}
| [[Image:Felipe Calderon banda.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Felipe Calderón]]'''<br><small>(1962–)
| December 1, 2006
| November 30, 2012
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was the winner of the federal elections of 2006.
|-
! style="background:{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}};" | {{color|white|57}}
| [[Image:Presidente Enrique Peña Nieto. Foto oficial..jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Enrique Peña Nieto]]'''<br><small>(1966–)
| December 1, 2012
| ''Incumbent''
| style="width:30%;" |<small>He was the winner of the federal elections of 2012.
|-
|}

==Living former presidents==
{{as of|2013|05}}, there are five living former presidents of Mexico. The most recent death of a former president was that of [[Miguel de la Madrid]] (1982–1988), on April 1, 2012.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!President
!Term of office
!Date of birth
|-
|[[Luis Echeverría]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1970–1976
|{{birth date and age|mf=yes|1922|1|17}}
|-
|[[Carlos Salinas de Gortari]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1988–1994
|{{birth date and age|mf=yes|1948|4|3}}
|-
|[[Ernesto Zedillo]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1994–2000
|{{birth date and age|mf=yes|1951|12|27}}
|-
|[[Vicente Fox]]
| style="text-align:center;"|2000–2006
|{{birth date and age|mf=yes|1942|7|2}}
|-
|[[Felipe Calderón]]
| style="text-align:center;"|2006–2012
|{{birth date and age|mf=yes|1962|8|18}}
|}

== Presidents died or killed in office ==
There are five presidents of Mexico who died or were killed in office.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:15%;" | President
! style="width:10%;" | Term of office
! style="width:18%;" | Date of death
! style="width:59%;" | Notes
|-
|[[Miguel Barragán]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1835–1836
| March 1, 1836 (age 46)
| <small>'''He died in [[National Palace (Mexico)|National Palace]] victim of [[typhus]] two days after left the presidency to [[Jose Justo Corro]].'''</small>
|-
|[[Benito Juárez]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1857–1872
| July 18, 1872 (age 66)
| <small>'''He is the only President of Mexico who died in office.</small>
|-
|[[Francisco I. Madero]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1911–1913
| February 21, 1913 (age 39)
| <small>'''He was killed three days after he was forced to sign his resignation as result of la [[Decena Tragica]].</small>
|-
|[[Venustiano Carranza]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1914–1920
| May 21, 1920 (age 60)
| <small>'''He is the only President of Mexico killed in office.</small>
|-
|[[Álvaro Obregón]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1920–1924
| July 17, 1928 (age 48)
| <small>'''He is the only elect-president of Mexico killed before taking office.</small>
|-
|}
|}


Line 342: Line 1,156:
*[[President of Mexico]]
*[[President of Mexico]]


==References and notes==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


==External links==
==External links==

Revision as of 13:34, 1 June 2013

The Head of State in Mexico is the person who controls the executive power in the country. Under the current constitution, this responsibility lies in the President of the United Mexican States, who is head of the supreme executive power of the Mexican Union.[1] Throughout its history, Mexico has had several forms of government. Under the federal constitutions, the title of President was the same as the current. Under the Seven Laws (centralist), was named President of the Republic. In addition, there have been two periods of monarchical rule, during which the executive was controlled by the Emperor of Mexico.

The chronology of the heads of state of Mexico is complicated due the country's political instability during most of the nineteenth century and early decades of the twentieth century. With few exceptions, most of the Mexican presidents elected during this period did not complete their terms. Until the presidency of Lazaro Cardenas, each president had remained in office an average of fifteen months.[2]

This list also included the self-appointed presidents during civil wars and the collegiate bodies that performed the Mexican Executive duties during periods of transition.

Politics of Mexico
Federal government
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Elections
Political parties
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
flag Mexico portal

Mexican Empire (1821-1823)

Main article: First Mexican Empire

First Regency

After the consummation of the Independence of Mexico, it was settled a Provisional Board of Governing formed by thirty-four persons. The Board decreed and signed the Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire and appointed a regency composed by six people.

Regent[3] Took office Left office Notes
Agustín de Iturbide September 28, 1821 April 11, 1822
Juan O'Donojú September 28, 1821 October 8, 1821 He died on October 8.
Antonio Pérez Martínez October 8, 1821 April 11, 1822
Manuel de la Barcéna September 28, 1821 April 11, 1822
José Isidro Yañez September 28, 1821 April 11, 1822
Manuel Velázquez de León September 28, 1821 April 11, 1822

Second Regency

Regent[3] Took office Left office Notes
Agustín de Iturbide April 11, 1822 May 18, 1822
José Isidro Yañez April 11, 1822 May 18, 1822
Miguel Valentín April 11, 1822 May 18, 1822
Manuel de Heras April 11, 1822 May 18, 1822
Nicolás Bravo April 11, 1822 May 18, 1822

Agustín I

Emperor Coat of Arms Reign Start Reign Ended Royal House Consort
Agustín I
(1783–1824) 		May 19, 1822 March 19, 1823 Iturbide Ana María
(1786–1861)

Provisional Government (1823-1824)

Main article: Supreme Executive Power

The Provisional Government of 1823 was an organization that served as Executive to govern México after the end of the Mexican Empire of Agustín I, on 1823.[4] The organization was responsible for convening the creation of the Federal Republic and was in effect from April 1, 1823 to October 10, 1824.[5]

Head of State[6][7][8] Took office Left office Notes
Nicolás Bravo March 31, 1823 October 10, 1824
Guadalupe Victoria March 31, 1823 October 10, 1824
Pedro Celestino Negrete March 31, 1823 October 10, 1824
Mariano Michelena April 1, 1823 October 10, 1824 Substitute Member
Miguel Domínguez April 1, 1823 October 10, 1824 Substitute Member
Vicente Guerrero April 1, 1823 October 10, 1824 Substitute Member

First Federal Republic (1823-1835)

No.
 President Took office Left office Vice President Notes
1 Guadalupe Victoria
(1786–1843) 		October 10, 1824 March 31, 1829 Nicolás Bravo First constitutional elected President of Mexico
and the only President who completed his full term
in almost 30 years of independent Mexico.[9]
2 Vicente Guerrero
(1782–1831) 		April 1, 1829 December 17, 1829 Anastasio Bustamante He was appointed by Congress after the resignation
of president-elect Manuel Gómez Pedraza.[10][11]
3 José María Bocanegra
(1787–1862) 		December 17, 1829 December 23, 1829 He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Guerrero
left office to fight the rebellion of his Vice President.[12][13]
Pedro Vélez
(1787–1848) 		December 23, 1829 December 31, 1829 As president of the Supreme Court, he was appointed by the
Council of Government as head of the executive triumvirate
along with Lucas Alamán and Luis Quintanar.[14]
4 Anastasio Bustamante
(1780–1853) 		January 1, 1830 August 13, 1832 As Vice President he assumed the presidency
after the coup against Guerrero.[15]
5 Melchor Múzquiz
(1790–1844) 		August 14, 1832 December 24, 1832 He was appointed Interim President by Congress when
Bustamante left office to fight the rebellion of Santa Anna.
[16][17][18]
6 Manuel Gómez Pedraza
(1789–1851) 		December 24, 1832 March 31, 1833 He assumed the presidency to conclude the term
he should rule as winner of the elections of 1828.
[19][20]
7 Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		April 1, 1833 May 16, 1833 As Vice President he assumed the presidency in place of Santa Anna, along with whom he was elected in the elections of 1833.
[21][22][23]
8 Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		May 16, 1833 June 3, 1833 Valentín Gómez Farías He assumed the presidency as constitutional elected president.
He alternated the presidency with Vice President
Gómez Farías four more times until April 24, 1834.
[22][24][25][26]
Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		June 3, 1833 June 18, 1833
Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		June 18, 1833 July 5, 1833 Valentín Gómez Farías
Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		July 5, 1833 October 27, 1833
Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		October 27, 1833 December 15, 1833 Valentín Gómez Farías
Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		December 16, 1833 April 24, 1834 He promoted several liberal reforms that led
to the discontent of conservatives and the church.
Santa Anna took office again and he went to exile.[23][27]
Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		April 24, 1834 January 27, 1835 He cancelled the liberal reforms.
On January 27, the Sixth Constitutional Congress
dismissed to Gomez Farias as Vice President.[23][27][28]
9 Miguel Barragán
(1789–1836) 		January 28, 1835 February 27, 1836 He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Santa Anna left office to fight the Rebellion of Zacatecas.
On October 23, Congress enacted the Constitutional Basis,
which void the Constitution of 1824 and the federal system.
He served both as last president of the First Federal Republic
and the first of the Centralist Republic.[29][30][31][32]

Centralist Republic (1835-1846)

No.
 President Took office Left office Notes
9 Miguel Barragán
(1789–1836) 		January 28, 1835 February 27, 1836 He left office because of a serious illness. He died two days later.[29]
10 José Justo Corro
(1794–1864) 		January 28, 1835 April 19, 1837 He was appointed Interim President by Congress to conclude the presidencial term.
During his term, he enacted the Seven Laws and
Spain recognized the Independence of Mexico.[33][34][35]
Anastasio Bustamante
(1780–1853) 		April 19, 1837 March 18, 1839 He took office as constitutional elected president.
He was elected in the elections of 1837 for a eight years term.[36][37]
Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		March 18, 1839 July 10, 1839 He was appointed interim president by the Supreme Conservative Power when Bustamante left office to fight federalist rebellions.[24][38]
11 Nicolás Bravo
(1786–1854) 		July 11, 1839 July 19, 1839 He was appointed substitute president when Santa Anna left office.[26][39][40]
Anastasio Bustamante
(1780–1853) 		July 19, 1839 September 22, 1841 He reassumed the presidency.[26][41]
12 Francisco Javier Echeverría
(1797–1852) 		September 22, 1841 October 10, 1841 He was appointed interim president when Bustamante left office to fight a rebellion headed by Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga, Santa Anna and Gabriel Valencia.
He resigned after the triumph of the rebellion.[42][43][44]

Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		October 10, 1841 October 26, 1842 He was appointed provisional president by a Junta de Representantes de los Departamentos (Board of Representatives of the Departments).[45][46][47]
Nicolás Bravo
(1786–1854) 		October 26, 1842 March 4, 1843 He was appointed substitute president by Santa Anna when he left office.[40][47]
Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		March 4, 1843 October 4, 1843 He reassumed the presidency as provisional president.[48]
13 Valentín Canalizo
(1794–1850) 		October 4, 1843 June 4, 1844 He was appointed interim president by Santa Anna when he left office.[49][50]
Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		June 4, 1844 September 12, 1844 He reassumed the presidency after being elected constitutional president by Congress on January 2, 1844.[51][52]
14 José Joaquín de Herrera
(1792–1854) 		September 12, 1844 September 21, 1844 He was appointed substitute president by Congress to replace the interim president Valentin Canalizo.[52][53]
Valentín Canalizo
(1794–1850) 		September 21, 1844 December 6, 1844 He assumed the presidency as interim president.[54]
José Joaquín de Herrera
(1792–1854) 		December 6, 1844 December 30, 1845 He was appointed interim, and after, constitutional president by Senate
after Canalizo was arrested for try to dissolve the Congress.[53][55][56]
15 Mariano Paredes
(1797–1849) 		December 31, 1845 July 28, 1846 He assumed office via a coup against De Herrera.
On June 12, he was appointed interim president.[57][58]
Vice President[58]
Nicolás Bravo
Nicolás Bravo
(1786–1854) 		July 28, 1846 August 4, 1846 He took office when Paredes left the presidency to fight the americans in the Mexican American War.
He was deposed by a federalist rebellion led by Jose Mariano Salas and Valentin Gomez Farias.[59][60][61]
16 José Mariano Salas
(1797–1867) 		August 5, 1846 December 23, 1846 He assumed office as provisional president after the triumph of the federalist rebellion (Plan de la Ciudadela).
He put in force the Constitution of 1824 on August 22.[62][63][64]
He served both as last president of the Centralist Republic and first of the Second Federal Republic.

Second Federal Republic (1846-1863)

No.
 President Took office Left office Notes
16 José Mariano Salas
(1797–1867) 		August 6, 1846 December 23, 1846 After he restored the federalism, he called elections.
Santa Anna won the election and was appointed interim president by Congress and Valentin Gomez Farias as vice president.[62][65]
Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		December 23, 1846 March 21, 1847 As vice president, he took office in place of Santa Anna, who was fighting the americans in the Mexican American War.[66]
Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		March 21, 1847 April 2, 1847 He took office as elected interim president.[67]
Vice President
Valentín Gómez Farías
17 Pedro María de Anaya
(1795–1854) 		April 2, 1847 May 20, 1847 Santa Anna left office to fight in the Mexican American War. Congress abolished the vice presidency and he was appointed as substitute president.[68][69][70]
Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		May 20, 1847 September 15, 1847 He reassumed the presidency when De Anaya left office to fight in the Mexican American War.[71][72]
18 Manuel de la Peña y Peña
(1789–1850) 		September 16, 1847 November 13, 1847 As president of the Supreme Court, he assumed the presidency after Santa Anna's resignation.[73][74]
Pedro María de Anaya
(1795–1854) 		November 13, 1847 January 8, 1848 He was appointed interim president by Congress when De Herrera left office in order to negotiate peace with the United States.
Manuel de la Peña y Peña
(1789–1850) 		January 8, 1848 June 3, 1848 He reassumed office as provisional president when De Anaya resigned
after refusing to give any land to the United States.[75] During his term, he signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
José Joaquín de Herrera
(1792–1854) 		June 3, 1848 January 15, 1851 He was the second president to finish his term and peacefully turned over the presidency to the winner of the Federal Elections of 1850, General Mariano Arista.[76]
19 Mariano Arista
(1802–1855) 		January 15, 1851 January 5, 1853 He resigned on January 5, 1853 when Congress refuse to give him extraordinary powers to fight the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio, which its goal was bring to Santa Anna once again to the presidency.[77]
20 Juan Bautista Ceballos
(1811–1859) 		January 5, 1853 February 7, 1853 As president of the Supreme Court, he was proposed by President Arista as his succesor and confirmed the same day as interim president by Congress.[78]
21 Manuel María Lombardini
(1802–1853) 		February 8, 1853 April 20, 1853 He was appointed provisional president by Congress when Ceballos resigned because of the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio.[79]
Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		April 20, 1853 August 9, 1855 He swore as President but ruled as dictator.
He called himself "Su Alteza Serenisima" (Serene Highness).[80][81]
From this period, the only lasting thing is the Mexican National Anthem.[82][83]
22 Martín Carrera
(1806–1871) 		August 9, 1855 September 12, 1855 He was appointed interim president after the triumph of the Plan of Ayutla
but he took office until August 15.[83][84]
23 Rómulo Díaz de la Vega
(1800–1877) 		September 12, 1855 October 4, 1855 He served as de facto president after Carrera's resignation.[85][86]
24 Juan Álvarez
(1790–1867) 		October 4, 1855 December 11, 1855 He was appointed interim president by a council integrated with one representative of each state after the triumph of the Revolution of Ayutla.[87][88]
25 Ignacio Comonfort
(1812–1863) 		December 11, 1855 December 17, 1857 He was appointed interim president by Juan Alvarez when he resigned.
He assumed as constitutional president on December 1, 1857.[89][90]
26 Benito Juárez
(1806–1872) 		December 18, 1857 July 18, 1872 As president of the Supreme Court, he became interim president after the self-coup of Ignacio Comonfort against the Constitution of 1857. He was arrested and freed by Comonfort. He established a liberal constitutional government on January 18, 1858.
The struggle between the Liberal and Conservative forces is known as Reform War.[91]

Presidents recognized by the Conservatives during the Reform War

Main article: War of the Reform
President Took office Left office Notes
Ignacio Comonfort
(1812–1863) 		December 17, 1857 January 21, 1858 After the declaration of Plan of Tacubaya, Congress declared that he was not longer president but he was recognized by conservatives as president with absolute powers.[92][93]
Félix María Zuloaga
(1813–1898) 		January 11, 1858 December 24, 1858 After disown Comonfort, Zuloaga was appointed president by the Conservative Party.[94]
Manuel Robles Pezuela
(1817–1862) 		December 24, 1858 January 23, 1859 He assumed the conservative presidency with the support of the Plan de Navidad.[95][96]
Félix María Zuloaga
(1813–1898) 		January 24, 1859 February 1, 1859 He was restored to the presidency by counter-rebellion led by Miguel Miramón.[95][97]
Miguel Miramón
(1831–1867) 		February 2, 1859 August 13, 1860 He assumed the conservative presidency as substitute when Zuloaga left office.[98]
José Ignacio Pavón
(1791–1866) 		August 13, 1860 August 15, 1860 As president of the Supreme Court of the conservative government,
he took office for two days when Miramón left office.[99]
Miguel Miramón
(1831–1867) 		August 15, 1860 December 24, 1860 He took office as interim president of the conservative government after he was elected
by a group of "Representatives of the States" who supported the conservatives.
He was defeated at the Battle of Calpulalpan, resigned the presidency and fled the country.[100]
Félix María Zuloaga
(1813–1898) 		May 23, 1860 December 28, 1862 Despite having been defeated, the conservatives appointed Zuloaga as president until December 28, when they recognized the Regency who was seeking to reestablish the Mexican Empire.[101]

Second Mexican Empire (1863-1867)

Main article: Second Mexican Empire

Regency

On June 22, 1863, was established a "Superior Board Governing". On July 11, the Board became the Regency of the Empire.[102][103]

Regent[3] Took office Left office Notes
Juan Nepomuceno Almonte July 11, 1863 April 10, 1864
José Mariano Salas July 11, 1863 April 10, 1864
Pelagio Antonio de Labastida October 19, 1863 April 10, 1864

Maximiliano I

Emperor Coat of Arms Reign Start Reign Ended Royal House Consort
Maximiliano I
(1832–1867) 		April 10, 1864 June 19, 1867 Habsburg-Lorraine Carlota of Mexico
(1840–1927)

Restored Republic (1867-1876)

No.
 President Took office Left office Notes
Benito Juárez
(1806–1872) 		December 18, 1857 June 11, 1861 The first term he was interim president during the Reform War.
The second term was appointed constitutional president by Congress.
The third term was an extension of the second, consequence of the invasion.
The fourth and fifth terms were after the triumph of the Republic.
June 11, 1861 November 30, 1865
December 1, 1865 December 7, 1867
December 8, 1867 October 11, 1871
October 12, 1871 July 18, 1872
27 Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada
(1823–1889) 		July 18, 1872 November 30, 1872 As president of the Supreme Court, he became interim president after the death of Juarez. He was overthrown by the Revolution of Tuxtepec and left office ten days before the end of his term.[104]
December 1, 1872 November 20, 1876
28 José María Iglesias
(1823–1891) 		October 26, 1876 November 28, 1876 As president of the Supreme Court, he declared himself interim president when Congress declared the reelection of Lerdo de Tejada. When Lerdo de Tejada went to exile on November 20, he became constitutional interim president.[105]

Porfiriato (1876-1911)

No.
 President Took office Left office Notes
29 Porfirio Díaz
(1830–1915) 		November 28, 1876 December 6, 1876 He became provisional president when Iglesias went to exile.[106]
30 Juan Nepomuceno Méndez
(1824–1894) 		December 6, 1876 February 17, 1877 He was appointed substitute president by Díaz when he left office to fight the supporters of Lerdo de Tejada.[107]
Porfirio Díaz
(1830–1915) 		February 17, 1877 November 30, 1880 He reassumed the presidency. On May 2, he was appointed constitutional president by Congress.[108][109]
31 Manuel González Flores
(1833–1893) 		December 1, 1880 November 30, 1884 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1880.[110]
Porfirio Díaz
(1830–1915) 		December 1, 1884 November 30, 1888 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1884, 1888, 1892, 1896, 1900, 1904 and 1910.
He resigned during his 7th term after the triumph of the Mexican Revolution.[111]
December 1, 1888 November 30, 1892
December 1, 1892 November 30, 1886
December 1, 1896 November 30, 1900
December 1, 1900 November 30, 1904
December 1, 1904 November 30, 1910 Vice President
Ramón Corral
(since 1904)
December 1, 1910 May 25, 1911

Revolution (1910-1920)

Main article: Mexican Revolution
No. President Took office Left office Notes
32 Francisco León de la Barra
(1836–1939) 		May 25, 1911 November 5, 1911 According the "Treaties of Ciudad Juárez", he assumed as interim president. Immediately called for elections.[112]
33 Francisco I. Madero
(1873–1913) 		November 6, 1911 February 19, 1913 He was the winner of the special election of 1911.
He was overthrown by a coup known as Ten Tragic Days in which were involved Victoriano Huerta, Felix Diaz and the american ambassador Henry L. Wilson. He was murderer two days later along with the vice president Pino Suarez.[113][114]
Vice President
José María Pino Suárez
34 File:Pedro Lascurain (480x600).jpg Pedro Lascuráin
(1856–1952) 		February 19, 1913 As Secretary of Foreign Affairs, he assumed as interim president according the constitution. In about 45 minutes, he appointed Victoriano Huerta as Secretary of Interior and then resigned to the Presidency.[115]
35 Victoriano Huerta
(1850–1916) 		February 19, 1913 July 15, 1914 He assumed office via a coup against Francisco I. Madero, whom himself ordered to kill. He was defeated by constitutionalist army led by Governor of Coahuila, Venustiano Carranza.[116][117]
36 Francisco S. Carvajal
(1870–1932) 		July 15, 1914 August 13, 1914 He assumed as Interim President after the resignation of Huerta.
He resigned after the signing of the Treaties of Teoloyucan.[118]
37 File:Presidente Venustiano Carrranza (480x600).jpg Venustiano Carranza
(1860–1920) 		Head of the Executive Power
First Chief of the Constitucionalist Army 		He served as Head of the Executive Power after the resignation of Carvajal.
He convoked a Constitutional Convention which enacted the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. He won the federal election of 1917 and took office as Constitucional President on May 1, 1917.
He was killed during the Rebellion of Agua Prieta.[119]
August 14, 1914 April 30, 1917
President of Mexico
May 1, 1917 May 21, 1920
38 Adolfo de la Huerta
(1881–1955) 		June 1, 1920 November 30, 1920 He was appointed provisional president by Congress.[120]
39 Álvaro Obregón
(1880–1928) 		December 1, 1920 November 30, 1924 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1920.[121]
40 Plutarco Elías Calles
(1877–1945) 		December 1, 1924 November 30, 1928 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1924.[122]

Presidents recognized by the Convention of Aguascalientes

Main article: Convention of Aguascalientes
President Took office Left office Notes
Eulalio Gutiérrez
(1881–1939) 		November 6, 1914 January 16, 1915 He was appointed provisional president by the Convention of Aguascalientes.[123]
Roque González Garza
(1885–1962) 		January 16, 1915 June 10, 1915 He was appointed provisional president by the Convention of Aguascalientes
after Gutierrez left Mexico City.[124]
Francisco Lagos Cházaro
(1878–1932) 		June 10, 1915 October 10, 1915 He assumed as provisional president when González Garza resigned.
He was the last president of the Convention.[125]

Maximato (1928-1934)

Main article: Maximato
Party

  National Revolutionary Party

No. President Took office Left office Notes
41 Emilio Portes Gil
(1890–1978) 		December 1, 1928 February 4, 1930 After the assassination of president-elect Alvaro Obregón, he was appointed interim president by Congress.[126]
42 Pascual Ortiz Rubio
(1877–1963) 		February 5, 1930 September 4, 1932 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1929.
He resigned from the intervention of Calles in his government.[127][128]
43 Abelardo L. Rodríguez
(1889–1967) 		September 4, 1932 November 30, 1934 He was appointed substitute president by Congress to conclude the term 1930-1934.[129]

Modern Mexico (Six-Year Term)

Main article: Sexenio (Mexico)

After the contitutional reform of 1933, the presidential term in Mexico was extended to six years without the possibility of reelection. After the federal election of 1934 all the presidents have completed their terms.

Parties

  National Revolutionary Party   Party of the Mexican Revolution   National Action Party   Institutional Revolutionary Party

No. President Took office Left office Notes
44 Lázaro Cárdenas del Río
(1895–1970) 		December 1, 1934 November 30, 1940 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1934.
45 File:Manuel Ávila Camacho, portrait.jpg Manuel Ávila Camacho
(1896–1955) 		December 1, 1940 November 30, 1946 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1940.
style="background:Template:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 46 Miguel Alemán Valdés
(1900–1983) 		December 1, 1946 November 30, 1952 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1946.
style="background:Template:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 47 Adolfo Ruiz Cortines
(1889–1973) 		December 1, 1952 November 30, 1958 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1952.
style="background:Template:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 48 Adolfo López Mateos
(1910–1969) 		December 1, 1958 November 30, 1964 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1958.
style="background:Template:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 49 File:Presidente Diaz Ordaz.jpg Gustavo Díaz Ordaz
(1911–1979) 		December 1, 1964 November 30, 1970 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1964.
style="background:Template:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 50 File:Presidente Echeverria.jpg Luis Echeverría
(1922) 		December 1, 1970 November 30, 1976 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1970.
style="background:Template:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 51 José López Portillo
(1920–2004) 		December 1, 1976 November 30, 1982 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1976.
style="background:Template:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 52 Miguel de la Madrid
(1934–2012) 		December 1, 1982 November 30, 1988 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1982.
style="background:Template:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 53 Carlos Salinas de Gortari
(1948–) 		December 1, 1988 November 30, 1994 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1988.
style="background:Template:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 54 Ernesto Zedillo
(1951–) 		December 1, 1994 November 30, 2000 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1994.
style="background:Template:National Action Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 55 Vicente Fox
(1942–) 		December 1, 2000 November 30, 2006 He was the winner of the federal elections of 2000.
style="background:Template:National Action Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" | 56 File:Felipe Calderon banda.jpg Felipe Calderón
(1962–) 		December 1, 2006 November 30, 2012 He was the winner of the federal elections of 2006.
style="background:Template:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" | 57 File:Presidente Enrique Peña Nieto. Foto oficial..jpg Enrique Peña Nieto
(1966–) 		December 1, 2012 Incumbent He was the winner of the federal elections of 2012.

Living former presidents

As of May 2013, there are five living former presidents of Mexico. The most recent death of a former president was that of Miguel de la Madrid (1982–1988), on April 1, 2012.

President Term of office Date of birth
Luis Echeverría 1970–1976 (1922-01-17) January 17, 1922 (age 102)
Carlos Salinas de Gortari 1988–1994 (1948-04-03) April 3, 1948 (age 76)
Ernesto Zedillo 1994–2000 (1951-12-27) December 27, 1951 (age 72)
Vicente Fox 2000–2006 (1942-07-02) July 2, 1942 (age 81)
Felipe Calderón 2006–2012 (1962-08-18) August 18, 1962 (age 61)

Presidents died or killed in office

There are five presidents of Mexico who died or were killed in office.

President Term of office Date of death Notes
Miguel Barragán 1835–1836 March 1, 1836 (age 46) He died in National Palace victim of typhus two days after left the presidency to Jose Justo Corro.
Benito Juárez 1857–1872 July 18, 1872 (age 66) He is the only President of Mexico who died in office.
Francisco I. Madero 1911–1913 February 21, 1913 (age 39) He was killed three days after he was forced to sign his resignation as result of la Decena Tragica.
Venustiano Carranza 1914–1920 May 21, 1920 (age 60) He is the only President of Mexico killed in office.
Álvaro Obregón 1920–1924 July 17, 1928 (age 48) He is the only elect-president of Mexico killed before taking office.

See also

References

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  86. ^ "El general Rómulo Díaz de la Vega asume de facto la presidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
  87. ^ "Juan Álvarez". Memoria Política de México. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
  88. ^ "1855 Decreto del gobierno. Se nombra presidente de la República al general D. Juan Alvarez". Memoria Política de México. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
  89. ^ "Ignacio Comonfort". Gobierno Federal de México. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
  90. ^ "Ignacio Comonfort asume la Presidencia". Memoria Política de México. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
  91. ^ "Juárez García Benito Pablo". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
  92. ^ "Es proclamado el Plan de Tacubaya, con el que los conservadores pretenden derogar la Constitución de 1857". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
  93. ^ "El Congreso declara que dejó de ser Presidente de la República don Ignacio Comonfort desde el 17 de diciembre de 1857". 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
  94. ^ "Tras desconocer a Comonfort, Félix María Zuloaga es nombrado presidente por el partido conservador". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
  95. ^ a b "Asume la presidencia del gobierno conservador el general Manuel Robles Pezuela". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
  96. ^ "Plan de Navidad". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
  97. ^ "FÉLIX MARÍA ZULOAGA (1813-1898)". Bicentenario de México. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
  98. ^ "Zuloaga nombra presidente sustituto de la República a Miguel Miramón". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
  99. ^ "José Ignacio Pavón, presidente de la Suprema Corte, se encarga durante dos días del poder ejecutivo del gobierno conservador". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
  100. ^ "Toma posesión como presidente interino de la República, Miguel Miramón. Juárez sigue siendo el presidente legal". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
  101. ^ "Felix Maria Zuloaga". Chihuahua, México. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
  102. ^ "Se establece la regencia del Imperio mexicano". 500 años de México. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
  103. ^ "Acta de la primera reunión de la Junta Superior de Gobierno". 500 años de México. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
  104. ^ "Lerdo de Tejada Sebastián". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
  105. ^ "El Congreso declara la reelección de Lerdo de Tejada y José Ma. Iglesias se da a la rebeldía". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
  106. ^ "Porfirio Díaz asume el poder por primera vez". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
  107. ^ "El general Juan N. Méndez ocupa la presidencia en tanto Porfirio Díaz termina con los últimos reductos de las fuerzas de Iglesias y de Lerdo de Tejada". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
  108. ^ SEP.|accessdate=May 1, 2013}}
  109. ^ "Porfirio Díaz es nombrado presidente constitucional de la República". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
  110. ^ "El general Manuel González toma posesión como presidente constitucional". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
  111. ^ "Díaz Mori Porfirio". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
  112. ^ "León de la Barra Francisco". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
  113. ^ "Francisco I. Madero asume el cargo de la Presidente de la República". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
  114. ^ "Se consuma la traición: Huerta y Wilson firman el Pacto de la Embajada". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
  115. ^ "Por sólo cuarenta y cinco minutos, Pedro Lascuráin Paredes asume el cargo de presidente interino". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
  116. ^ "Victoriano Huerta asume la presidencia y rinde la protesta de ley ante los diputados". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
  117. ^ "Victoriano Huerta, vencido por las fuerzas constitucionalistas, renuncia a la Presidencia de la República". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
  118. ^ "FRANCISCO S. CARVAJAL". Bicentenario de México. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
  119. ^ "Carranza Garza Venustiano". Bicentenario de México. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
  120. ^ "Adolfo de la Huerta asume la presidencia provisional de la República". Bicentenario de México. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
  121. ^ "Obregón Salido Álvaro". Bicentenario de México. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
  122. ^ "Elías Calles Campuzano Plutarco". Bicentenario de México. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
  123. ^ "Eulalio Gutiérrez Ortiz asume la presidencia del gobierno convencionista". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  124. ^ "El presidente provisional, nombrado por la Convención, Eulalio Gutiérrez, huye de México con los fondos de la Tesorería. Lo sucede Roque González Garza". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  125. ^ "Francisco Lagos Cházaro se convierte en el último presidente del gobierno de la Convención". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  126. ^ "Portes Gil Emilio". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  127. ^ "Pascual Ortiz Rubio sufre un atentado y resulta herido durante su toma posesión de la Presidencia de la República". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  128. ^ "Ortíz Rubio renuncia a la Presidencia. Ejerció su mandato en el periodo del "Maximato" llamado así por el poder real ejercido por Calles". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  129. ^ "Rodríguez Abelardo L." Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved May 10, 2013.

External links

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