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===From Just War to Weapons of Mass Destruction===
===From Just War to Weapons of Mass Destruction===
Three years later this lack of a policy was formalized with no limits. The Ethics Committee of CPA made a policy statement in support of work on nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction in a letter dated March 31, 1995: "It is impossible to decide, in the abstract, that such work is a de facto violation of principles set out in the current Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists...Any blanket statement about the work of psychologists relating to the development of weapons of mass destruction would be inappropriate".<ref name="CSEP" />
Three years later this lack of a policy was formalized with no limits. The Ethics Committee of CPA made a policy statement in support of work on nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction in a letter dated March 31, 1995: "It is impossible to decide, in the abstract, that such work is a de facto violation of principles set out in the current Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists...Any blanket statement about the work of psychologists relating to the development of weapons of mass destruction would be inappropriate".<ref name="CSEP" />

Allowing CPA members to work on, get research funding for, and use weapons of mass destruction in some circumstances meant that Canadian psychologists could contribute to the mass-killing of innocent bystanders and children. Even psychologists complicit in the Holocaust did not have a formal policy like this,<ref name="EthicsAndBehavior" /> when gas chambers were used in asylums and "claimed the lives of an estimated 275,000 psychiatric patients, prisoners and mentally retarded persons".<ref name="Chorover">{{cite book |last1=Chorover |first1=S. L. |year=1979 |title=From genesis to genocide: The meaning of human nature and the power of behaviour control. |publisher=MIT Press, Cambridge MA |page=7}}</ref> The profession of psychology played a pivotal role historically, because the gas chamber technology was perfected in asylums before it was instituted in the death camps. It was a key step between "the administrative mass killing of mental health patients and the subsequent emergence of genocide as an official instrument of Nazi public policy".<ref name="Chorover" />


===CPA Denials===
===CPA Denials===

Revision as of 23:09, 5 August 2022

Canadian Psychological Association
Formation1939
Headquarters141 Laurier Avenue W
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Membership
Over 7,000 members and affiliates
Official language
English, French
2022-2023 President
Dr. Kerrie Ritchie
CEO
Dr. Karen R. Cohen
Websitecpa.ca

The Canadian Psychological Association (CPA) is the primary organization representing psychologists throughout Canada. It was organized in 1939 and incorporated under the Canada Corporations Act, Part II, in May 1950.

Its objectives are to improve the health and welfare of all Canadians; to promote excellence and innovation in psychological research, education, and practice; to promote the advancement, development, dissemination, and application of psychological knowledge; and to provide high-quality services to members.[1]

History

The CPA was founded in a University of Ottawa psychology lab in 1938,[2] although it was not formally organized until 1939.[3] Initially, the CPA's purpose was to help with Canada's contribution to World War II; indeed, the CPA was heavily involved with test construction for the Department of National Defence.[3]

From Just War to Weapons of Mass Destruction

Three years later this lack of a policy was formalized with no limits. The Ethics Committee of CPA made a policy statement in support of work on nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction in a letter dated March 31, 1995: "It is impossible to decide, in the abstract, that such work is a de facto violation of principles set out in the current Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists...Any blanket statement about the work of psychologists relating to the development of weapons of mass destruction would be inappropriate".[4]

CPA Denials

In spite of the Just War policies published in CPA's own Psynopsis newspaper,[5] CPA's Committee on Ethics (CoE) continues to make motherhood statements and to deny that it established policies allowing its members as a healthcare organization to be involved in warfare, armed force, and even weapons of mass destruction:[6]

The CoE has found no evidence supporting your allegations that, through the 1990's, the CPA "has made a series of policy statements that allow its members to contribute to armed force, killing and even weapons of mass destructions (sic) under some circumstances." ... CPA's position about torture and weapons of mass destruction has always been that psychologists are not to promote, contribute to, nor engage in any activity that contravenes international humanitarian law, which includes participating in the torture of persons, the development of prohibited weapons...

There is a Special Collection in the Norlin Library at the University of Colorado called the APA PENS Debate Collection to document APA's torture investigation.[7] In 2010, they asked for extensive documentation on the CPA policies on healthcare ethics, military work and weapons of mass destruction, which is archived in their permanent collection.[8][9]

Finally in 2017 the CPA code of ethics[10] prohibited work on weapons of mass destruction for the first time.[6]

Organizational structure

CPA's head office is located in Ottawa, Ontario. The CPA has a directorate for each of its three pillars – science, practice, and education.

  • The Science Directorate's mandate is to lobby government for increased funding for psychological research, promote and support the work of Canadian researchers in psychology, and educate the public about important findings from psychological science.[11]
  • The Practice Directorate's mandate is to support and facilitate advocacy for the practice of psychology across Canada.[12]
  • The Education Directorate's mandate is to oversee the accreditation of doctoral and internship programmes in professional psychology.[13]

The Board of Directors sets policies that guide the CPA. It is made up of Presidential Officers, Directors, and Executive Officers.[14]

Policy and position statements

The CPA publishes the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists which articulates ethical principles, values, and standards to guide all members of the Canadian Psychological Association. This Code is reviewed regularly with the most recent version published in January 2017. The ethical standards are built on four principles which form cornerstone guidelines for making ethical decision. Those principles are: Respect for the Dignity of Persons and Peoples; Responsible Caring; Integrity in Relationships; and Responsibility to Society.[15]

The CPA publishes policy and positions statements which are based on psychological evidence and ethical standards on given issues of importance. Below are some issues in which the CPA has issued public statements on:

Policy Statements

  • Conversion/Reparative Therapy for Sexual Orientation
  • Gender Identity in Adolescents and Adults
  • Violence against Women
  • Bullying in Children and Youth
  • The Presence of Involved Third Party Observer in Neuropsychological Assessments
  • Public Statements
  • Physical Punishment of Children and Youth
  • Ethical Use and Reporting of Psychological Assessment Results for Student Placement
  • Convictions based Solely on Recovered Memories
  • Public Statement by Paul Cameron on Homosexuality
  • Equality for Lesbians, Gay Men, their Relationships and their Families
  • Inclusion of Unpaid Household Activities in 1996 Census
  • CPA Response to Canadian Panel on Volence Against Women
  • Child Care
  • The Death Penalty in Canada[16]
  • Prejudicial Discrimination
  • Minority Groups
  • Discrimination in the Employment Areas
  • Psychology of Women
  • Female Role Models
  • Education of Graduate Students
  • Autonomous Profession
  • Psychology in Hospitals
  • Prepaid Health Schemes
  • Psychologists Providers of Health Care

Position Statements

  • Addressing Climate Change in Canada: The Importance of Psychological Science
  • Inappropriate Psychological Test Use: A Public Safety Concern
  • Recommendations for Addressing the Opioid Crisis in Canada
  • Health and Well-Being Needs of LGBTQI People
  • Recommendations for the Legalization of Cannabis in Canada
  • Psychologists Practising to Scope: The Role of Psychologists in Canada's Public Institutions
  • Neuropsychological Services in Canada
  • Issues and Recommendations about Advertising and Children's Health Behaviour
  • Same Sex Marriage

The CPA board of directors convenes working groups to explore various issues affecting the science, practice and education of psychology. Some of those working group reports are as follows:

  • E-Psychology Working Group
  • CPA Task Force on Title: Model Language Suggestions
  • Recommendations for Addressing the Opioid Crisis in Canada
  • Psychology's Response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada's Report[17]
  • Medical Assistance in Dying and End-of-Life Care
  • Fitness to Stand Trial and Criminal Responsibility Assessments in Canada
  • Supply and Demand for Accredited Doctoral Internship/Residency Positions in Clinical, Counselling, and School Psychology in Canada
  • Evidence-Based Practice of Psychological Treatments: A Canadian Perspective
  • CPA Task Force on the Supply of Psychologists in Canada
  • CPA Task Force of Prescriptive Authority for Psychologists in Canada

Sections

Members of the CPA with interests in specific areas of psychology are able to form and join sections. Sections have official status under the By-laws of the CPA, which give them power to:

  • Initiate and undertake activities of relevance to its members.
  • Draft position papers on topics of relevance to the Section.
  • Initiate policy statements in areas of expertise.
  • Organize meetings within CPA.
  • Make specific representation to external agencies or organizations, if it has received the approval of the Board of Directors to do so.
  • Recommend that CPA make specific representations to external organizations or agencies.[18]
A list of CPA sections
  • Addiction Psychology
  • Adult Development and Aging
  • Black Psychology
  • Brain and Cognitive Sciences
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Clinical Neuropsychology
  • Community Psychology
  • Counselling Psychology
  • Criminal Justice Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Educational and School Psychology
  • Environmental Psychology
  • Extremism and Terrorism
  • Family Psychology
  • Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine
  • History and Philosophy Section
  • Indigenous Peoples' Psychology
  • Industrial/Organizational Psychology
  • International and Cross-Cultural Psychology
  • Psychologists in Hospitals and Health Centres
  • Psychology Careers and Professionals
  • Psychology in the Military
  • Psychologists and Retirement
  • Psychopharmacology
  • Quantitative Methods
  • Quantitative Electrophysiology
  • Rural and Northern Psychology
  • Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
  • Social and Personality Section
  • Sport and Exercise Psychology
  • Students
  • Teaching of Psychology
  • Traumatic Stress Section
  • Section for Women And Psychology (SWAP)

Membership and affiliation

The CPA offers five types of membership to individuals residing in Canada or the United States.

  • Full member: One has to have a Masters or Doctoral degree in psychology (or its academic equivalent) to become a full member.
  • Early Career Year 1: One has to have graduated with a Masters, or PhD in Psychology (or a related field), and are not returning to school, or those working on the first year of their Post Doc. Applicants must have graduated from university the previous year (e.g. 2020) to be eligible for Early Career Year 1 in the year they are applying for membership (e.g. 2021).
  • Early Career Year 2: Available to members who were Early Career Year 1 in the previous membership year (e.g. 2020) OR recent graduates who have graduated with a Masters, or PhD in Psychology (or a related field) in the previous 2 years and are not returning to school or those working on the second year of their Post Docs.
  • Retired member: One has to be a full member or fellow who has retired.
  • Honorary life fellow/Honorary life member: Offered to individuals who are 70 years old and have been full members of the CPA for at least 25 years.

The CPA offers two types of affiliation to individuals residing in Canada or the United States.

  • Student affiliate: One has to be an undergraduate or graduate student at a recognized university.
  • Special affiliate: Open to those who have an active interest in psychology.

The CPA offers two types of affiliation to individuals residing outside of Canada or the United States.

  • International affiliate: Open to international psychologists.
  • International student affiliate: Open to international undergraduate and graduate students in psychology.[19]

The CPA now offers a section associate category for individuals who do not qualify for membership or are interested in joining only one section and receiving their section communication.

Public outreach and partnerships

The CPA produces a series of informative brochures for the public called "Psychology Works Fact Sheets". Each brochure is reviewed by psychologists who are knowledgeable on that subject before being published online. Topics range from information on psychological disorders, parenting challenges, pain, stress, perfectionism, and much more.[20] Along with these informative brochures, the CPA website contains many resources for individuals interested in psychology or receiving psychological services in Canada.

Every year, the CPA promotes February as Psychology Month and encourages Canadian psychologists to reach out to the public to raise awareness of what psychology is, what psychologists do, and how psychology benefits everyone.[21]

The CPA is engaged in numerous emergency preparedness activities.[22] Following national and international emergencies and disasters, the CPA provides the general public with timely resources on effective coping and information about stress and the indicators of psychological distress. The CPA is also involved in the National Emergency Psychosocial Advisory Consortium (NEPAC), the Mental Health Support Network, and the Council of Emergency Voluntary Sector Directors.

The CPA is also involved in partnerships with the following:[23]

  • Canadian Alliance on Mental Illness and Mental Health (CAMIMH)
  • Canadian Coalition for Public Health in the 21st Century (CCPH21)
  • Canadian Consortium for Research (CCR)
  • Council of Professional Associations of Psychologists (CPAP)
  • Extended Healthcare Professionals Coalition (EHPC)
  • Mental Health Commission of Canada (MHCC)
  • Organizations for Health Action (HEAL)
  • Promoting Relationships and Eliminating Violence Network (PREVNet)
  • Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)
  • Science Media Centre of Canada
  • Solutions for Kids in Pain (SKIP)

Publications

The CPA, in partnership with the American Psychological Association, quarterly publishes the following three academic journals:

The CPA also publishes a quarterly magazine called Psynopsis. Issues contain brief articles on specific themes relating to psychology, as well as updates from the head office of CPA, committee news, information about the annual convention, and much more.[25]

Mind Pad is a professional newsletter that is written and reviewed by student affiliates of the Canadian Psychological Association. The newsletter is published biannually online.[26]

Convention

CPA hosts a convention annually. The conventions usually include pre-convention workshops, keynote and invited speakers, poster presentations, symposiums, award presentations, and various social events. The location varies each year from city to city across Canada.[27]

A list of conventions and locations from 1940 onwards

Awards

Each year at the annual convention, CPA honors individuals who have made distinguished contributions to psychology in Canada with the following awards:

  • CPA Gold Medal Award For Distinguished Lifetime Contributions to Canadian Psychology
  • CPA John C. Service Member the Year Award
  • CPA Donald O. Hebb Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology as a Science
  • CPA Award for Distinguished Contributions to Education and Training in Psychology
  • CPA Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology as a Profession
  • CPA Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology
  • CPA Award for Distinguished Contributions to Public or Community Service
  • Distinguished Practitioner Award
  • CPA Award for Distinguished Lifetime Service to the Canadian Psychological Association
  • CPA Humanitarian Award
  • President's New Researcher Award[29]

The CPA has numerous student awards. As an example, the CPA gives out Certificates of Academic Excellence to students in each Canadian psychology department for the best undergraduate, masters, and doctoral thesis. The sections of CPA also award students for exceptional papers, presentations, and posters at the annual convention.[30]

Fellowships are awarded to members of the CPA who have made distinguished contributions to the advancement of the science or profession of psychology or who have given exceptional service to their national or provincial associations. The Committee on Fellows and Awards review nominations and make recommendations to the Board of Directors who appoint fellows.[31]

Presidents

The following have been Presidents of the Association:[32]

See also

References

  1. ^ "About CPA". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  2. ^ "A Vision for the School of Psychology: Building Upon Our Strengths to Define Our Future" (PDF). University of Ottawa. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-12-24. Retrieved 2013-08-14.
  3. ^ a b Conway, John B. (2013). "Review of A Chronicle of the Work of the CPA 1938-2010". Canadian Psychology. 54 (2). Canadian Psychological Association: 133–134. doi:10.1037/a0031558.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference CSEP was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Sinclair and Pettifor was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Denial was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Goodman was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Arrigo, Jean Maria (14 September 2010). "Letter requesting CPA documentation for APA PENS Debate Collection". Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  9. ^ Arrigo, Jean Maria; Montgomery, Bruce. "The APA PENS Debate Collection - Call for Archival Materials" (PDF). Human Rights Initiative, Archives of the University of Colorado at Boulder. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  10. ^ Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists (Fourth Edition). Canadian Psychological Association, Ottawa ON. 2017.
  11. ^ "Science Directorate". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  12. ^ "Practice Directorate". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  13. ^ "Accreditation". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  14. ^ "Board of Directors". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  15. ^ "Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists" (PDF). Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2018-01-24.
  16. ^ "Policy & Position Statements". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  17. ^ Melnychuk, Mark (2018-12-31). "Healing the relationship between psychology and Indigenous peoples". Regina Leader-Post.
  18. ^ "CPA Sections". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  19. ^ "Membership Types". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  20. ^ "Psychology Works Fact Sheets". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  21. ^ "Psychology Month". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  22. ^ "Emergency Preparedness". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  23. ^ "Strategic Partnerships". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  24. ^ "CPA Journals". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  25. ^ "Psynopsis". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  26. ^ "Mind Pad". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  27. ^ "Years and Locations of Past CPA Conventions". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  28. ^ "CPA Annual Convention". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  29. ^ "CPA Award Descriptions". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  30. ^ "Student Awards". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
  31. ^ "CPA Fellows". Canadian Psychological Association. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  32. ^ CPA Past Presidents, retrieved 14 February 2019
  33. ^ "Gary P Latham - Rotman School of Management".
  34. ^ "Robert J. Vallerand".

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Psychological_Association&oldid=1102605520"